[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":67},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-112-2-basic-medicine-044":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":36,"lastmod":66},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":27},"nurse-112-2-基礎醫學-044","nurse-112-2-basic-medicine-044",112,2,44,"下列何種原因會造成器官移植的超急性排斥（hyperacute rejection）？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"HLA 配對不合","ABO 血型不合","次要組織相容性抗原（minor histocompatibility antigens）不相容","同種異體辨識間接路徑（the indirect pathway of allorecognition）受到活化","B",null,[],"本題考點是超急性排斥的免疫機轉。依移植免疫學,超急性排斥發生在血管接通後數分鐘至數小時,由受贈者體內「預先存在」的抗體結合到移植器官血管內皮抗原,活化補體造成血栓與缺血壞死。ABO 血型抗體屬於天然存在的 IgM,故 ABO 血型不合會立即引發此型排斥,選 B。A 的 HLA 配對不合主要造成需經 T 細胞致敏的急性\u002F慢性排斥,並非數小時內反應;C 的次要組織相容性抗原差異引起較緩慢的排斥;D 的間接路徑同種異體辨識也需時間讓 T 細胞活化,屬急性排斥範疇。三者皆非「預存抗體即時反應」,故非超急性。","記憶對比:超急性=預存抗體(ABO、先前致敏的抗 HLA)+補體,數分鐘至數小時;加速性=記憶 T 細胞,數天;急性=初次 T 細胞致敏,數天至數週;慢性=數月至數年血管硬化。臨床上術前必做 ABO 相容與交叉配對(crossmatch)就是為了篩掉預存抗體、預防超急性排斥。可連結:補體活化的膜攻擊複合體(MAC)、血管內皮損傷與微血栓形成。",[25,28,30,31,34],{"term":26,"count":27},"補體活化",4,{"term":29,"count":11},"超急性排斥",{"term":16,"count":11},{"term":32,"count":33},"預存抗體",1,{"term":35,"count":33},"移植免疫",[37,41,46,51,56,61],{"webId":38,"stem":39,"number":40,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-112-2-basic-medicine-045","下列何種自體免疫疾病，病人體內會有 IgG 抗體對抗腎臟基底膜上第四型膠原蛋白，引起腎組織內的發炎反應？",45,{"webId":42,"stem":43,"number":44,"year":45,"session":33},"nurse-113-1-basic-medicine-041","下列何種構造通常是由多醣組成，對於幫助細菌抵抗免疫細胞的吞噬作用（phagocytosis）極為重要？",41,113,{"webId":47,"stem":48,"number":49,"year":45,"session":50},"nurse-113-3-basic-medicine-035","下列藥物中，何者可減少 angiotensin II 生成，並且使體內 bradykinin 含量增加，因此產生血管舒張作用而降低血壓？",35,3,{"webId":52,"stem":53,"number":54,"year":55,"session":33},"nurse-115-1-basic-medicine-033","藥物動力學（pharmacokinetics）探究藥物的範疇，不包括下列那一項？",33,115,{"webId":57,"stem":58,"number":59,"year":60,"session":11},"nurse-106-2-basic-medicine-057","下列抗心律不整藥物，何者可以降低動作電位第四期的去極化，而減少竇房結的自主性？",57,106,{"webId":62,"stem":63,"number":64,"year":65,"session":33},"nurse-108-1-basic-medicine-011","卵巢排卵（ovulation）時，下列何者不會隨著卵母細胞（oocyte）一起排出？",11,108,"2026-09-04",1788510746519]