[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":65},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-112-2-basic-medicine-032":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":34,"lastmod":64},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":11},"nurse-112-2-基礎醫學-032","nurse-112-2-basic-medicine-032",112,2,32,"下列何種藥物的清除半衰期（elimination half-life）最長？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"timolol","nadolol","pindolol","esmolol","B",null,[],"本題考點在於 β 阻斷劑的藥物動力學——清除半衰期比較。依藥理數據，nadolol 為親水性、經腎排除且半衰期最長（約 20–24 小時），可每日一次給藥，故選 B。A timolol 半衰期約 4 小時、C pindolol 約 3–4 小時，皆屬中短效；D esmolol 為超短效 β1 阻斷劑，半衰期僅約 9 分鐘，因被血中酯酶迅速水解，多用於靜脈注射急性控制心律。四者相比，nadolol 作用維持最久。","β 阻斷劑半衰期記憶：esmolol（超短，靜脈急救用）＜pindolol／timolol（短效）＜nadolol（長效，每日一次）。半衰期長短影響給藥頻次與作用穩定度：長效者血中濃度平穩、順從性佳，但作用不易快速逆轉；超短效者利於需即時調整的重症情境。可連結親水性（腎排除）與親脂性（肝代謝、能穿越血腦屏障）對半衰期與副作用的影響一併複習。",[25,27,30,32,33],{"term":26,"count":11},"藥物動力學",{"term":28,"count":29},"β 阻斷劑",1,{"term":31,"count":29},"清除半衰期",{"term":16,"count":29},{"term":18,"count":29},[35,39,44,49,54,59],{"webId":36,"stem":37,"number":38,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-112-2-basic-medicine-033","使用局部麻醉劑時，併用 epinephrine 的主要目的為何？",33,{"webId":40,"stem":41,"number":42,"year":43,"session":29},"nurse-113-1-basic-medicine-029","進行性多灶性白質腦病（progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, PML）是一種髓鞘脫失（demyelination）的病變，臨床上常與免疫抑制有關。此病主要由何種病毒引起？",29,113,{"webId":45,"stem":46,"number":47,"year":43,"session":48},"nurse-113-3-basic-medicine-023","微生物可能和癌症有關，下列敘述何者最不適當？",23,3,{"webId":50,"stem":51,"number":52,"year":53,"session":29},"nurse-115-1-basic-medicine-021","有關血管受傷後的止血作用之敘述，下列何者錯誤？",21,115,{"webId":55,"stem":56,"number":57,"year":58,"session":11},"nurse-106-2-basic-medicine-045","急性腎盂腎炎（acute pyelonephritis）之病因為何？",45,106,{"webId":60,"stem":61,"number":62,"year":63,"session":11},"nurse-107-2-basic-medicine-079","下列病毒何者在複製過程中，並未經過反轉錄（reverse transcription）的階段？",79,107,"2026-09-04",1788510746416]