[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":67},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-112-2-basic-medicine-020":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":36,"lastmod":66},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":11},"nurse-112-2-基礎醫學-020","nurse-112-2-basic-medicine-020",112,2,20,"腸泌素對胰島素的分泌屬於下列何種調控機制？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"正回饋","負回饋","前饋（feedforward）調節","反射","C",null,[],"本題考點在於腸泌素（incretin，如 GLP-1、GIP）對胰島素分泌的調控類型。依生理調控分類，前饋（feedforward）調節是在血糖尚未真正升高前，腸道感受到食物即先行釋放腸泌素，預先促進胰島素分泌以「未雨綢繆」應付即將吸收的葡萄糖，故選 C。A 正回饋指產物放大原刺激，與此不符；B 負回饋為結果回頭抑制原因（如血糖升高刺激胰島素、胰島素再降血糖），描述的是後續而非腸泌素的前置作用；D 反射屬神經性快速反應途徑，非腸泌素的內分泌前饋本質。","腸泌素效應（incretin effect）解釋了為何口服葡萄糖比靜脈注射同量葡萄糖能引發更強的胰島素反應，因口服路徑會額外刺激腸道 L 細胞與 K 細胞分泌 GLP-1、GIP。此機轉是 GLP-1 受體促效劑與 DPP-4 抑制劑等糖尿病藥物的作用基礎，可連結腸泌素半衰期短、易被 DPP-4 分解的藥理設計一併複習。",[25,27,29,32,34],{"term":26,"count":11},"腸泌素",{"term":28,"count":11},"胰島素分泌",{"term":30,"count":31},"前饋調節",1,{"term":33,"count":31},"GLP-1",{"term":35,"count":31},"incretin effect",[37,41,46,51,56,61],{"webId":38,"stem":39,"number":40,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-112-2-basic-medicine-021","一位 18 歲男性因四肢水腫而就醫。他被發現有明顯蛋白尿和高血脂，但是腎臟功能和血壓均正常。腎臟切片的光學顯微鏡檢查顯示正常腎小球構造，但電子顯微鏡檢查發現足細胞（podocyte）突起消失。引起此病人水腫的最可能機轉為下列何者？",21,{"webId":42,"stem":43,"number":44,"year":45,"session":31},"nurse-113-1-basic-medicine-017","下列有關卵巢內成熟濾泡（mature follicle）的敘述，何者錯誤？",17,113,{"webId":47,"stem":48,"number":49,"year":45,"session":50},"nurse-113-3-basic-medicine-011","在骨骼肌細胞（skeletal muscle cell）收縮過程中，產生力擊（power stroke）後，肌凝蛋白（myosin）會與 ①結合，並造成橫橋（cross-bridge）與肌動蛋白（actin）發生②的反應，下列①、②配對，何者正確？",11,3,{"webId":52,"stem":53,"number":54,"year":55,"session":31},"nurse-115-1-basic-medicine-009","利尿劑主要作用機制為下列何者？",9,115,{"webId":57,"stem":58,"number":59,"year":60,"session":11},"nurse-106-2-basic-medicine-033","下列何者不是可逆性細胞損傷的變化？",33,106,{"webId":62,"stem":63,"number":64,"year":65,"session":11},"nurse-107-2-basic-medicine-067","個體受到細菌感染時，下列何種細胞最早聚集在感染部位？",67,107,"2026-09-04",1788510746319]