[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":68},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-112-2-basic-medicine-016":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":38,"lastmod":67},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":27},"nurse-112-2-基礎醫學-016","nurse-112-2-basic-medicine-016",112,2,16,"過敏性休克的特徵為何？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"心輸出量上升","血液中嗜酸性球大量釋出組織胺","小動脈擴張","大幅降低微血管的通透性","C",null,[],"本題考點在於過敏性休克（anaphylactic shock）屬於分佈性休克的血流動力學特徵。依其機轉，肥大細胞與嗜鹼性球大量釋放組織胺等介質，造成全身小動脈擴張、血管通透性增加，血漿外滲、有效循環血量驟降，故選 C。A 錯在周邊阻力下降與回心血量減少使心輸出量下降而非上升；B 錯在釋放組織胺的是肥大細胞與嗜鹼性球，並非嗜酸性球；D 錯在通透性是「增加」而非降低，血漿滲漏到組織間隙正是造成血壓下降與水腫的關鍵。","分佈性休克（distributive shock）三大類：過敏性、敗血性、神經性，共同特徵為血管廣泛擴張導致相對血容量不足。過敏性休克為第一型（IgE 媒介）立即型過敏反應，介質包含組織胺、白三烯、前列腺素等。臨床辨識點為血壓下降合併皮膚潮紅、喉頭水腫與支氣管收縮，處置以腎上腺素為第一線，可與四型過敏反應分類一併複習。",[25,28,31,33,36],{"term":26,"count":27},"組織胺",4,{"term":29,"count":30},"肥大細胞",3,{"term":32,"count":11},"過敏性休克",{"term":34,"count":35},"分佈性休克",1,{"term":37,"count":35},"血管擴張",[39,43,48,52,57,62],{"webId":40,"stem":41,"number":42,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-112-2-basic-medicine-017","心動週期中，第一心音發生於何時？",17,{"webId":44,"stem":45,"number":46,"year":47,"session":35},"nurse-113-1-basic-medicine-013","下列何者兼具屈曲和伸展肩關節的功能？",13,113,{"webId":49,"stem":50,"number":51,"year":47,"session":30},"nurse-113-3-basic-medicine-007","聲帶（vocal cord）的前方連結在甲狀軟骨，請問後方連結在那一塊軟骨？",7,{"webId":53,"stem":54,"number":55,"year":56,"session":35},"nurse-115-1-basic-medicine-005","下列氣體與血紅素的親合力，何者最高？",5,115,{"webId":58,"stem":59,"number":60,"year":61,"session":11},"nurse-106-2-basic-medicine-029","對於直接調控腎臟皮質集尿管（collecting duct）上皮細胞對水的通透性，下列何者能力最強？",29,106,{"webId":63,"stem":64,"number":65,"year":66,"session":11},"nurse-107-2-basic-medicine-063","在治療過敏性氣喘（allergic asthma）的藥物中，生物製劑之抗體藥物 omalizumab 其主要作用為何？",63,107,"2026-09-04",1788510746290]