[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":64},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-112-1-basic-medicine-044":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":34,"lastmod":63},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":27},"nurse-112-1-基礎醫學-044","nurse-112-1-basic-medicine-044",112,1,44,"下列何種致病菌不是主要經由呼吸道感染人體？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"腦膜炎雙球菌（Neisseria meningitidis）","肺炎雙球菌（Streptococcus pneumoniae）","炭疽桿菌（Bacillus anthracis）","臘腸毒桿菌（Clostridium botulinum）","D",null,[],"本題考點在於致病菌的主要傳染途徑。臘腸毒桿菌（Clostridium botulinum）主要經由攝食受污染食物中的毒素（如保存不良的罐頭）引起食因性肉毒桿菌中毒，屬消化道途徑而非呼吸道，故選 D。考點在於確認其餘皆主要經呼吸道：A 腦膜炎雙球菌經飛沫由呼吸道傳播；B 肺炎雙球菌（肺炎鏈球菌）經呼吸道飛沫感染引起肺炎；C 炭疽桿菌的吸入型炭疽經由吸入孢子感染肺部。三者皆呼吸道途徑，唯肉毒桿菌以食物毒素經腸道致病。","肉毒桿菌毒素阻斷神經肌肉接合處乙醯膽鹼釋放，造成鬆弛性麻痺（眼瞼下垂、複視、吞嚥困難、對稱性下行麻痺）。嬰兒肉毒桿菌症與食入蜂蜜孢子有關，故一歲以下禁餵蜂蜜。記憶點：肉毒＝吃進來、毒素麻痺；炭疽、腦膜炎雙球、肺炎鏈球＝吸進來。可連結厭氧菌與外毒素機轉複習。",[25,28,30,32],{"term":26,"count":27},"肉毒桿菌毒素",3,{"term":29,"count":11},"臘腸毒桿菌 Clostridium botulinum",{"term":31,"count":11},"食因性中毒",{"term":33,"count":11},"呼吸道飛沫傳染",[35,39,43,49,54,59],{"webId":36,"stem":37,"number":38,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-112-1-basic-medicine-045","法蘭西氏土倫桿菌（Francisella tularensis）主要感染何種人體細胞？",45,{"webId":40,"stem":41,"number":42,"year":10,"session":27},"nurse-112-3-basic-medicine-041","下列那一種細胞是人類血液中數量最多的吞噬細胞？",41,{"webId":44,"stem":45,"number":46,"year":47,"session":48},"nurse-113-2-basic-medicine-035","下列利尿劑中，何者排尿效果最顯著，除了可以改善水腫，亦可用於治療高血鈣症（hypercalcemia）？",35,113,2,{"webId":50,"stem":51,"number":52,"year":53,"session":27},"nurse-114-3-basic-medicine-033","嗎啡（morphine）的止痛作用主要是活化下列何種受體而產生？",33,114,{"webId":55,"stem":56,"number":57,"year":58,"session":48},"nurse-106-2-basic-medicine-007","下列何者直接由升主動脈分支出？",7,106,{"webId":60,"stem":61,"number":42,"year":62,"session":48},"nurse-107-2-basic-medicine-041","惡性貧血（pernicious anemia）的病因主要是缺乏下列何者：",107,"2026-09-04",1788510740857]