[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":64},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-112-1-basic-medicine-025":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":34,"lastmod":63},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":27},"nurse-112-1-基礎醫學-025","nurse-112-1-basic-medicine-025",112,1,25,"一位患有慢性胃食道逆流的病人，在食道下三分之一處發現有區域性柱狀上皮的出現，此現象稱為：",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"增生（hyperplasia）","肥大（hypertrophy）","萎縮（atrophy）","化生（metaplasia）","D",null,[],"本題考點在於慢性刺激下的細胞適應反應「化生（metaplasia）」。依定義，化生是一種已分化成熟的細胞型態轉變為另一種成熟細胞型態，以適應長期不良環境。慢性胃食道逆流使食道下段的複層鱗狀上皮長期暴露於胃酸，轉變為較耐酸的柱狀上皮（即巴瑞特食道 Barrett's esophagus），正是化生，選 D。考點在於區分其他適應：A 增生是細胞「數目」增加；B 肥大是細胞「體積」增大；C 萎縮是細胞體積或數目減少導致組織縮小。三者皆非型態轉換，唯有柱狀取代鱗狀屬型態改變，故為化生。","巴瑞特食道是重要癌前病變，可進展為食道腺癌，故臨床強調追蹤。記憶法：化生＝「換裝」，一種成熟細胞換成另一種成熟細胞；增生＝變多、肥大＝變大、萎縮＝變小。另一經典化生例：吸菸者支氣管纖毛柱狀上皮化生為鱗狀上皮。化生仍是可逆適應，但持續刺激可進一步走向異型增生（dysplasia）與癌變。",[25,28,30,32],{"term":26,"count":27},"巴瑞特食道",2,{"term":29,"count":11},"化生 metaplasia",{"term":31,"count":11},"細胞適應反應",{"term":33,"count":11},"增生 hyperplasia",[35,39,44,49,54,59],{"webId":36,"stem":37,"number":38,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-112-1-basic-medicine-026","下列何種細胞對於輻射損傷較具有抵抗性？",26,{"webId":40,"stem":41,"number":42,"year":10,"session":43},"nurse-112-3-basic-medicine-022","下列何者不是下肢深部靜脈血栓（deep venous thrombosis）常引起的臨床表現？",22,3,{"webId":45,"stem":46,"number":47,"year":48,"session":27},"nurse-113-2-basic-medicine-016","有關增強抗凝血作用，下列敘述何者正確？",16,113,{"webId":50,"stem":51,"number":52,"year":53,"session":43},"nurse-114-3-basic-medicine-014","下列何種腦電波圖型，不會出現在健康成人睡眠的非快速動眼（non-rapid eye movement, NREM）時期？",14,114,{"webId":55,"stem":56,"number":57,"year":58,"session":11},"nurse-106-1-basic-medicine-068","下列何種結構存於細菌之細胞質內？",68,106,{"webId":60,"stem":61,"number":42,"year":62,"session":27},"nurse-107-2-basic-medicine-022","肉毒桿菌毒素造成肌肉麻痺的原因為何？",107,"2026-09-04",1788510740683]