[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":64},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-112-1-basic-medicine-024":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":33,"lastmod":63},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":11},"nurse-112-1-基礎醫學-024","nurse-112-1-basic-medicine-024",112,1,24,"下列與發炎關係最少的關節炎是：",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"類風濕性關節炎（rheumatoid arthritis）","化膿性關節炎（pyogenic arthritis）","結核性關節炎（tuberculous arthritis）","骨關節炎（osteoarthritis）","D",null,[],"本題考點在於區分「發炎性關節炎」與「退化性關節炎」。骨關節炎（osteoarthritis）本質是關節軟骨長期磨損退化、軟骨下骨硬化與骨刺增生，屬機械性退化，並非以發炎細胞浸潤為主，故與發炎關係最少，選 D。考點在於辨識其餘三者皆有明顯發炎機轉：A 類風濕性關節炎屬自體免疫，滑膜有大量淋巴球與漿細胞浸潤、血管翳形成，是典型慢性發炎；B 化膿性關節炎由細菌直接感染關節，關節腔充滿嗜中性球膿液，是急性化膿性發炎；C 結核性關節炎由結核桿菌引起肉芽腫性發炎、乾酪樣壞死。三者皆以發炎為核心，唯骨關節炎以退化為主，故為答案。","口訣：名字帶「性」（類風濕性、化膿性、結核性）多為發炎；「骨關節炎」聽來像磨損即退化。病生理上骨關節炎晚期雖有低度發炎（IL-1、TNF 參與軟骨降解），但相對於免疫或感染性關節炎屬次要。臨床影像對比：骨關節炎為關節間隙變窄、骨刺；類風濕性為對稱性小關節侵蝕、骨質疏鬆。可連結退化性 vs. 發炎性關節炎鑑別診斷表複習。",[25,27,29,31],{"term":26,"count":11},"骨關節炎退化性病變",{"term":28,"count":11},"類風濕性關節炎自體免疫",{"term":30,"count":11},"化膿性關節炎細菌感染",{"term":32,"count":11},"結核性肉芽腫發炎",[34,38,43,49,54,59],{"webId":35,"stem":36,"number":37,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-112-1-basic-medicine-025","一位患有慢性胃食道逆流的病人，在食道下三分之一處發現有區域性柱狀上皮的出現，此現象稱為：",25,{"webId":39,"stem":40,"number":41,"year":10,"session":42},"nurse-112-3-basic-medicine-021","下列何者，最容易出現細胞中脂褐質（lipofuscin）的沉積？",21,3,{"webId":44,"stem":45,"number":46,"year":47,"session":48},"nurse-113-2-basic-medicine-015","下列何種激素最主要透過肌醇三磷酸（IP 3 ）和鈣離子（Ca 2+ ）執行其生理功能？",15,113,2,{"webId":50,"stem":51,"number":52,"year":53,"session":42},"nurse-114-3-basic-medicine-013","與脂肪組織中促進脂肪分解（lipolysis）作用，下列何者最為相關？",13,114,{"webId":55,"stem":56,"number":57,"year":58,"session":11},"nurse-106-1-basic-medicine-067","大量產生腫瘤壞死因子-α（TNF-α）時不會引起下列何病症？",67,106,{"webId":60,"stem":61,"number":41,"year":62,"session":48},"nurse-107-2-basic-medicine-021","下列何種症狀，主要肇因於黑質（substantia nigra）神經元退化？",107,"2026-09-04",1788510740678]