[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":64},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-112-1-basic-medicine-021":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":33,"lastmod":63},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":11},"nurse-112-1-基礎醫學-021","nurse-112-1-basic-medicine-021",112,1,21,"一位 46 歲肝硬化患者，最近 3 個月逐漸出現下肢水腫和大量腹水，下列何者與此病人之下肢水腫原因的關係最小？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"血液滲透壓變小","門靜脈壓變大","鈉離子貯積","淋巴管阻塞","D",null,[],"本題考點在於肝硬化病人下肢水腫的成因，屬「找關係最小」題。肝硬化下肢水腫與腹水的主因包括：A肝合成白蛋白減少使血漿滲透壓下降（滲透壓變小、液體外滲）、B門靜脈高壓（門靜脈壓變大使靜水壓升高）、C續發性醛固酮增多使鈉離子與水分貯積，三者都與水腫直接相關。D淋巴管阻塞並非肝硬化水腫的主要機轉，肝硬化的水腫源於低白蛋白、門脈高壓與鈉水滯留，而非淋巴回流受阻，故關係最小、為答案。考點在於辨識肝硬化水腫的三大機轉，排除淋巴阻塞。","水腫四大機轉(Starling力)：①微血管靜水壓↑(門脈高壓、心衰)②血漿膠體滲透壓↓(低白蛋白：肝病、腎病、營養不良)③微血管通透性↑(發炎、燒傷)④淋巴回流受阻(淋巴水腫、絲蟲病、術後)。肝硬化占前三項；腹水更因門脈高壓＋低白蛋白＋RAAS活化鈉水滯留三重作用。淋巴阻塞屬另一類病因，故在此關係最小。",[25,27,29,31],{"term":26,"count":11},"肝硬化水腫機轉",{"term":28,"count":11},"血漿滲透壓下降",{"term":30,"count":11},"門靜脈高壓",{"term":32,"count":11},"續發性醛固酮增多",[34,38,43,49,54,59],{"webId":35,"stem":36,"number":37,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-112-1-basic-medicine-022","引發第一型過敏反應主要是那一種抗體？",22,{"webId":39,"stem":40,"number":41,"year":10,"session":42},"nurse-112-3-basic-medicine-018","當物質經腎臟排出至尿液的量大於其腎絲球過濾率（glomerular filtration rate）時，則表示該物質在腎臟中經過下列何種處理？",18,3,{"webId":44,"stem":45,"number":46,"year":47,"session":48},"nurse-113-2-basic-medicine-012","活化副交感神經（parasympathetic nervous system），將會降低心跳速率，此作用主要媒介的受體為：",12,113,2,{"webId":50,"stem":51,"number":52,"year":53,"session":42},"nurse-114-3-basic-medicine-010","下列何者攜帶的副交感神經支配淚腺與下頷下腺？",10,114,{"webId":55,"stem":56,"number":57,"year":58,"session":11},"nurse-106-1-basic-medicine-064","帕金森氏症（Parkinson disease）之治療目標，在於重建病人腦中那兩種神經傳遞物質之正常平衡？",64,106,{"webId":60,"stem":61,"number":41,"year":62,"session":48},"nurse-107-2-basic-medicine-018","下列何種毒素會抑制乙醯膽鹼酯酶（acetylcholinesterase, AChE）？",107,"2026-09-04",1788510740647]