[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":63},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-111-2-psychiatric-community-027":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":4,"question":6,"related":33,"lastmod":62},"精神科與社區衛生護理學","psychiatric-community",{"id":7,"webId":8,"year":9,"session":10,"subject":4,"number":11,"stem":12,"options":13,"answer":18,"answerNote":19,"images":20,"explanation":21,"explanationDeep":22,"topics":23,"freq":26},"nurse-111-2-精神科與社區衛生護理學-027","nurse-111-2-psychiatric-community-027",111,2,27,"物質使用障礙症病人，會產生心理依賴（psychological dependence），下列敘述何者正確？",{"A":14,"B":15,"C":16,"D":17},"使用物質過量或過久而持續想要戒除，因此花時間尋找使用之物質以及對物質的渴求","強烈對物質的渴求，為避免不愉快的感受，而持續或間歇式的使用該物質","使用物質造成身體傷害，明知使用物質對身體有傷害仍持續使用","因物質使用嚴重，而產生了依賴性，一旦停止使用，會導致身體不適情形","B",null,[],"本題考點是心理依賴與生理依賴的區分。依物質依賴理論,心理依賴(psychological dependence)指個體對物質產生強烈渴求(craving),為了獲得欣快感或避免不愉快的感受,而持續或間歇地使用該物質,重點在情緒與心理層面的需求,故 B 正確。A 錯在描述的是物質使用障礙症準則中「花費大量時間取得物質、持續想戒卻戒不掉」的行為樣態,非心理依賴之定義。C 錯在「明知使用對身體有害仍持續使用」是使用障礙的診斷準則之一,重點在失控使用而非心理渴求的定義。D 錯在「停止使用導致身體不適」描述的是戒斷症狀,屬生理依賴(physical dependence)的核心特徵。","依賴二分法記憶:「心理依賴=想要(渴求感受)、生理依賴=需要(不用就戒斷)」。生理依賴包含耐受性(tolerance,同劑量效果遞減、需增量)與戒斷症狀(withdrawal)兩要素;心理依賴則是情緒上的渴求與強迫性覓藥行為的驅力。DSM-5 已將濫用與依賴合併為「物質使用障礙症」,以 11 項準則計分嚴重度(2~3 輕度、4~5 中度、≥6 重度),渴求(craving)正是 DSM-5 新增準則,顯示心理依賴在診斷上的地位。",[24,27,29,31],{"term":25,"count":26},"心理依賴定義",1,{"term":28,"count":26},"生理依賴與戒斷",{"term":30,"count":26},"渴求 craving",{"term":32,"count":26},"DSM-5 物質使用障礙症準則",[34,38,43,47,53,58],{"webId":35,"stem":36,"number":37,"year":9,"session":10},"nurse-111-2-psychiatric-community-028","有關物質使用障礙症個案的追蹤輔導的敘述，下列何者錯誤？",28,{"webId":39,"stem":40,"number":41,"year":42,"session":26},"nurse-112-1-psychiatric-community-044","有關登革熱防治的敘述，下列何者最適宜？①埃及斑蚊多於夜間活動 ②布氏指數是指調查 100 戶住宅，發現有登革熱病媒蚊幼蟲孳生陽性容器數 ③登革病毒可透過懷孕母親，垂直傳染給胎兒 ④屬於第三類傳染病，應於 48 小時內通報 ⑤國內尚未有登革熱疫苗核准上市",44,112,{"webId":44,"stem":45,"number":46,"year":42,"session":10},"nurse-112-2-psychiatric-community-058","護理師為提升職場員工正確攝取每日鈉含量，下列何項護理指導最適當？①利用鹽分計示範測量食物鈉含量 ②角色扮演廚師與顧客 ③講述法說明各種食物含鈉量 ④團體討論食物熱量",58,{"webId":48,"stem":49,"number":50,"year":51,"session":52},"nurse-113-3-psychiatric-community-026","王小姐在出國旅遊時突然生病，需在當地醫院接受治療。根據我國「全民健康保險法」，她可以如何處理相關的醫療費用？",26,113,3,{"webId":54,"stem":55,"number":56,"year":57,"session":26},"nurse-115-1-psychiatric-community-030","有關篩檢工具信度（reliability）與效度（validity）的敘述，下列何者最不適當？",30,115,{"webId":59,"stem":60,"number":41,"year":61,"session":10},"nurse-106-2-psychiatric-community-044","在社區整合式篩檢中，利用糞便潛血檢查以篩檢出可能罹患大腸癌的社區居民，在三段五級預防工作中屬於那個段級？①第一段 ②第二段 ③第三段 ④第一級 ⑤第二級 ⑥第三級",106,"2026-09-04",1788510739976]