[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":63},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-111-2-psychiatric-community-014":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":4,"question":6,"related":33,"lastmod":62},"精神科與社區衛生護理學","psychiatric-community",{"id":7,"webId":8,"year":9,"session":10,"subject":4,"number":11,"stem":12,"options":13,"answer":18,"answerNote":19,"images":20,"explanation":21,"explanationDeep":22,"topics":23,"freq":26},"nurse-111-2-精神科與社區衛生護理學-014","nurse-111-2-psychiatric-community-014",111,2,14,"有關下列疾患的心理因素，下列何者正確？",{"A":14,"B":15,"C":16,"D":17},"人際關係學派提及強迫症的發作源自於早年的肛門期，個人常以自我防衛機轉處理焦慮","以精神分析的觀點來分析焦慮之導因，主要認為焦慮與同儕缺乏同理心有關","學習理論之行為學派視焦慮為一種刺激、反應連結的學習反應","認知學派認為趨避衝突最會誘發個人的焦慮","C",null,[],"本題考點是各心理學派對焦慮與精神疾患的解釋模型。依學習理論之行為學派(古典制約與操作制約),焦慮被視為「刺激—反應連結」的學習結果,即中性刺激與嫌惡經驗配對後習得的制約反應,故 C 正確。A 錯在張冠李戴:強迫症源自肛門期固著、以防衛機轉處理焦慮是佛洛依德精神分析的觀點,不是 Sullivan 的人際關係學派。B 錯在精神分析認為焦慮導因於本我、自我、超我間的潛意識衝突,而非同儕缺乏同理心。D 錯在認知學派主張焦慮來自對情境的錯誤認知評估與災難化想法,「趨避衝突誘發焦慮」是衝突理論的說法,非認知學派核心主張。","四大學派對照口訣:「精神分析看衝突、人際學派看關係、行為學派看制約、認知學派看想法」。精神分析(Freud)強調潛意識衝突與心性發展期固著;人際關係學派(Sullivan)強調早年重要他人互動與人際安全感;行為學派(Pavlov、Skinner)視症狀為習得行為,治療用系統減敏感法、洪水法;認知學派(Beck、Ellis)強調自動化負向思考與認知扭曲,治療用認知重建。考題常互換學派與主張設陷阱,抓住每派的關鍵字即可快速判斷。",[24,27,29,31],{"term":25,"count":26},"行為學派制約學習理論",1,{"term":28,"count":26},"精神分析焦慮理論",{"term":30,"count":26},"人際關係學派(Sullivan)",{"term":32,"count":26},"認知學派認知扭曲",[34,38,43,47,53,58],{"webId":35,"stem":36,"number":37,"year":9,"session":10},"nurse-111-2-psychiatric-community-015","關於認知行為治療技巧的敘述，下列何者最適當？",15,{"webId":39,"stem":40,"number":41,"year":42,"session":26},"nurse-112-1-psychiatric-community-031","有關提供老年人睡眠問題的護理指導，下列何者錯誤？",31,112,{"webId":44,"stem":45,"number":46,"year":42,"session":10},"nurse-112-2-psychiatric-community-045","有關全民健保給付項目，下列何者錯誤？",45,{"webId":48,"stem":49,"number":50,"year":51,"session":52},"nurse-113-3-psychiatric-community-013","有關疾病與核心症狀配對的描述，下列何者最適切？",13,113,3,{"webId":54,"stem":55,"number":56,"year":57,"session":26},"nurse-115-1-psychiatric-community-017","林先生經歷暴雨過後家園遭遇土石流，目睹父親死亡，倖存後被診斷為創傷後壓力症（posttraumatic stress disorder），每當下起大雨或看到土石流的新聞，林先生最不可能出現下列何種反應？",17,115,{"webId":59,"stem":60,"number":41,"year":61,"session":10},"nurse-106-2-psychiatric-community-031","社區心理衛生的第二級預防工作，應如何推行？",106,"2026-09-04",1788510739857]