[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":63},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-111-2-medical-surgical-053":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":4,"question":6,"related":35,"lastmod":62},"內外科護理學","medical-surgical",{"id":7,"webId":8,"year":9,"session":10,"subject":4,"number":11,"stem":12,"options":13,"answer":18,"answerNote":19,"images":20,"explanation":21,"explanationDeep":22,"topics":23,"freq":26},"nurse-111-2-內外科護理學-053","nurse-111-2-medical-surgical-053",111,2,53,"有關肺水腫（pulmonary edema）的敘述，下列何者正確？",{"A":14,"B":15,"C":16,"D":17},"為肋膜過度積水","常為左心衰竭所引起","應提供增加前負荷之處置","鼓勵病人下肢抬高增加靜脈血液回流","B",null,[],"本題考點為肺水腫的成因與處置。肺水腫最常由左心衰竭引起,左心無法有效打出血液,使血液鬱積於肺循環、肺微血管靜水壓上升,液體滲入肺泡,故 B 正確。A 錯誤:肺水腫是液體積聚於肺「泡與間質」,肋膜過度積水是「胸腔積液」,兩者不同;C 錯誤:應「降低」前負荷(利尿、限水、給硝化甘油)以減輕肺鬱血,增加前負荷會使肺水腫惡化;D 錯誤:應採高坐臥並使下肢「下垂」以減少靜脈回流、降低前負荷,抬高下肢增加回心血量反而加重肺水腫。","肺水腫依成因分為心因性與非心因性。心因性(最常見)源自左心衰竭:左心舒張末壓與肺微血管楔壓上升,使肺微血管靜水壓超過膠體滲透壓,液體外滲入肺泡,出現端坐呼吸、粉紅色泡沫痰、兩側囉音。處置以「降前負荷、增加氧合」為主,可用口訣「LMNOP」:Lasix(利尿)、Morphine(降焦慮與前負荷)、Nitrates(硝酸鹽擴張血管)、Oxygen(給氧)、Position(高坐臥、雙腳下垂)。抬高下肢與增加前負荷是與治療方向相反的錯誤處置,是此題的鑑別重點。",[24,27,30,32],{"term":25,"count":26},"肺水腫",9,{"term":28,"count":29},"左心衰竭",6,{"term":31,"count":10},"肺微血管靜水壓",{"term":33,"count":34},"降低前負荷處置",1,[36,40,45,50,54,58],{"webId":37,"stem":38,"number":39,"year":9,"session":10},"nurse-111-2-medical-surgical-054","有關移除胸管的護理措施，下列何者錯誤？",54,{"webId":41,"stem":42,"number":43,"year":44,"session":34},"nurse-112-1-medical-surgical-070","陳小姐因甲狀腺機能亢進，接受抗甲狀腺藥物硫醯胺類（thioamides）與碘製劑（iodine）治療，有關其藥物治療之敘述，下列何者正確？",70,112,{"webId":46,"stem":47,"number":48,"year":44,"session":49},"nurse-112-3-medical-surgical-004","有關病人脊椎手術後 48 小時內的護理措施，下列敘述何者錯誤？",4,3,{"webId":51,"stem":52,"number":10,"year":53,"session":34},"nurse-114-1-medical-surgical-002","多發性硬化症病人之日常活動護理指導，下列敘述何者正確？",114,{"webId":55,"stem":56,"number":29,"year":57,"session":10},"nurse-115-2-medical-surgical-006","有關腸阻塞之敘述，下列何者錯誤？",115,{"webId":59,"stem":60,"number":43,"year":61,"session":10},"nurse-106-2-medical-surgical-070","低血容積與脫水的病人會出現的臨床表徵，不包括下列何者？",106,"2026-09-04",1788510738710]