[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":66},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-111-2-basic-medicine-026":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":35,"lastmod":65},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":27},"nurse-111-2-基礎醫學-026","nurse-111-2-basic-medicine-026",111,2,26,"55 歲男性患有咳嗽數月並伴有體重減輕和發熱，肺臟組織學檢查發現多發性乾酪樣肉芽腫，此病人最有可能感染下列何種微生物？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"Mycobacterium tuberculosis","Toxoplasma gondii","Candida albicans","Staphylococcus aureus","A",null,[],"本題考點為乾酪樣肉芽腫的病原辨識。依病理，慢性咳嗽數月併體重減輕、發燒，肺組織見多發性乾酪樣（caseating）肉芽腫，是結核病的典型表現，病原為結核分枝桿菌（Mycobacterium tuberculosis），故選 A。B Toxoplasma gondii 引起弓漿蟲症，多見於免疫低下與先天感染，非乾酪樣肉芽腫；C Candida albicans 造成念珠菌感染，非典型肉芽腫；D Staphylococcus aureus 造成化膿性感染而非乾酪樣壞死，故選 A。","乾酪樣肉芽腫為結核的病理標誌，中央乾酪樣壞死周圍環繞類上皮細胞、Langhans 多核巨細胞與淋巴球，屬第四型遲發性細胞免疫反應。抗酸性染色（Ziehl-Neelsen）可見紅色桿菌。臨床「慢性咳嗽＋體重減輕＋夜間盜汗＋發燒」為經典四聯。對比：真菌與部分細菌也可致肉芽腫，但乾酪樣壞死最指向結核。",[25,28,30,33],{"term":26,"count":27},"結核分枝桿菌",3,{"term":29,"count":11},"乾酪樣肉芽腫",{"term":31,"count":32},"類上皮細胞與 Langhans 巨細胞",1,{"term":34,"count":32},"遲發性免疫反應",[36,40,45,50,55,60],{"webId":37,"stem":38,"number":39,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-111-2-basic-medicine-027","B 細胞濾泡性淋巴瘤（follicular lymphoma）常見下列何種染色體異常？",27,{"webId":41,"stem":42,"number":43,"year":44,"session":11},"nurse-112-2-basic-medicine-023","粥狀硬化（Atherosclerosis）引起的動脈瘤最常發生於何處？",23,112,{"webId":46,"stem":47,"number":48,"year":49,"session":32},"nurse-113-1-basic-medicine-017","下列有關卵巢內成熟濾泡（mature follicle）的敘述，何者錯誤？",17,113,{"webId":51,"stem":52,"number":53,"year":54,"session":11},"nurse-114-2-basic-medicine-015","下列那個腦區是主要調控褪黑素（melatonin）的分泌？",15,114,{"webId":56,"stem":57,"number":58,"year":59,"session":32},"nurse-106-1-basic-medicine-019","下列何者並非動作電位的特性？",19,106,{"webId":61,"stem":62,"number":63,"year":64,"session":32},"nurse-107-1-basic-medicine-053","Buspirone 用於廣泛性焦慮症（generalized anxiety disorder）之慢性治療（chronic treatment），是因為該藥主要作用於何種受體所致？",53,107,"2026-09-04",1788510737213]