[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":65},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-111-2-basic-medicine-020":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":34,"lastmod":64},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":11},"nurse-111-2-基礎醫學-020","nurse-111-2-basic-medicine-020",111,2,20,"口渴時，腎小管增加水分再吸收的機轉為下列何者？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"抑制醛固酮分泌","抑制血管收縮素分泌","增加抗利尿激素分泌","降低細胞膜水通道蛋白的量","C",null,[],"本題考點為口渴（體液不足）時腎臟保水的激素機轉。依體液調節，血漿滲透度上升或血量下降時，下視丘刺激腦下垂體後葉釋放抗利尿激素（ADH\u002F血管加壓素），作用於腎集尿管使水通道蛋白（aquaporin-2）嵌入管腔膜，增加水分再吸收，故選 C。A 錯在抑制醛固酮反而排鈉排水；B 錯在抑制血管收縮素會減少保鈉保水；D 錯在降低水通道蛋白會減少水回收，皆與保水相反，故選 C。","ADH 是即時保水主力：與集尿管 V2 受體結合→cAMP 上升→aquaporin-2 移位至頂膜→水順滲透梯度回收→尿濃縮。醛固酮則透過保鈉間接保水，作用較慢。缺 ADH 或受體失效即尿崩症，表現多尿與煩渴。記憶：ADH「開水門」，醛固酮「留鈉水」，兩者分工調控體液容積與滲透度。",[25,27,30,32],{"term":26,"count":11},"抗利尿激素(ADH)",{"term":28,"count":29},"集尿管水通道蛋白",1,{"term":31,"count":29},"血漿滲透度",{"term":33,"count":29},"體液調節",[35,39,44,49,54,59],{"webId":36,"stem":37,"number":38,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-111-2-basic-medicine-021","下列何者不屬於急性風濕熱瓊斯氏標準（Jones criteria）的主要標準（major criteria）？",21,{"webId":40,"stem":41,"number":42,"year":43,"session":11},"nurse-112-2-basic-medicine-017","心動週期中，第一心音發生於何時？",17,112,{"webId":45,"stem":46,"number":47,"year":48,"session":29},"nurse-113-1-basic-medicine-011","下列那一種細胞分泌激素的主要功能，與副甲狀腺素（parathyroid hormone）的作用相反？",11,113,{"webId":50,"stem":51,"number":52,"year":53,"session":11},"nurse-114-2-basic-medicine-009","下列何者內含退化的臍靜脈？",9,114,{"webId":55,"stem":56,"number":57,"year":58,"session":29},"nurse-106-1-basic-medicine-013","庫佛氏細胞（Kupffer's cell）位於肝小葉的何處？",13,106,{"webId":60,"stem":61,"number":62,"year":63,"session":29},"nurse-107-1-basic-medicine-047","下列甲狀腺病變中，何者的細胞核呈現出毛玻璃樣（ground-glass）的變化，且有明顯的核溝（nuclear groove）？",47,107,"2026-09-04",1788510737161]