[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":64},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-111-1-psychiatric-community-012":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":4,"question":6,"related":35,"lastmod":63},"精神科與社區衛生護理學","psychiatric-community",{"id":7,"webId":8,"year":9,"session":10,"subject":4,"number":11,"stem":12,"options":13,"answer":18,"answerNote":19,"images":20,"explanation":21,"explanationDeep":22,"topics":23,"freq":26},"nurse-111-1-精神科與社區衛生護理學-012","nurse-111-1-psychiatric-community-012",111,1,12,"王小姐在精神科病房住院，住院期間某日與其他病人爭執，出手攻擊對方。依據行為治療理論，下列何項負向增強（negative reinforcement）的處置最適當？",{"A":14,"B":15,"C":16,"D":17},"減少外出購物次數","送到保護室","不讓病人吃點心","執行約束","B","第12題答Ｂ給分",[],"本題考點為負向增強（negative reinforcement）在攻擊行為處置的判別，並須貼合本題官方認定。負向增強的定義是移除或減少嫌惡刺激以改變行為；四個選項中送到保護室被視為將病人移離充滿刺激、衝突的環境，屬本題所指的處置，故答案為 B。A 減少外出購物、C 不讓吃點心屬移除愉悅刺激的負向懲罰。D 執行約束屬施予嫌惡的正向懲罰。惟須留意「保護室」在多數教科書實為隔離式懲罰，本題以官方答案 B 為準，判別上具爭議，讀者宜同時掌握四象限定義以應不同命題角度。","操作制約四象限：正向增強（給愉悅、增行為）、負向增強（移嫌惡、增行為）、正向懲罰（給嫌惡、減行為）、負向懲罰（移愉悅、減行為）。學理上隔離（seclusion）與約束多歸類為懲罰或行為控制手段；本題將保護室對應負向增強，係取「移除過度刺激環境」之觀點，屬考題常見的操作型定義爭議，故把握度標為中等。臨床實務中，隔離與約束的使用受嚴格規範，須符合最小限制原則並定時評估。可連結代幣制、行為改變技術與精神衛生法對約束隔離的規範。",[24,27,29,31,33],{"term":25,"count":26},"負向增強",2,{"term":28,"count":10},"操作制約四象限",{"term":30,"count":10},"隔離與約束",{"term":32,"count":10},"行為控制",{"term":34,"count":10},"定義爭議",[36,40,44,49,54,59],{"webId":37,"stem":38,"number":39,"year":9,"session":10},"nurse-111-1-psychiatric-community-013","有關現實治療的描述，下列敘述何者最適當？",13,{"webId":41,"stem":42,"number":43,"year":9,"session":26},"nurse-111-2-psychiatric-community-029","有關厭食症（anorexia nervosa）的臨床特徵敘述，下列何者最不適當？",29,{"webId":45,"stem":46,"number":47,"year":48,"session":10},"nurse-112-1-psychiatric-community-043","不同的研究團隊進行抽菸與肺癌關係的研究，結果皆發現抽菸與肺癌發生有顯著的關係，因此推論抽菸可能是導致肺癌的危險因子，這是依據下列何項條件所判定的因果關係？",43,112,{"webId":50,"stem":51,"number":52,"year":53,"session":10},"nurse-113-1-psychiatric-community-031","有關華倫（Warren）社區功能理論的敘述，下列何者正確？①社會控制－社區巡守隊 ②社會參與－學校導護志工 ③相互支援－慈善團體愛心捐贈 ④生產分配消費－社區讀書會",31,113,{"webId":55,"stem":56,"number":57,"year":58,"session":26},"nurse-114-2-psychiatric-community-035","有關健康體適能（physical fitness）的要素，下列何者不正確？",35,114,{"webId":60,"stem":61,"number":43,"year":62,"session":10},"nurse-106-1-psychiatric-community-029","強迫症患者（obsessive-compulsive disorder, OCD）之強迫行為與下列那一種防衛機轉最有相關？",106,"2026-09-04",1788510736226]