[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":66},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-111-1-psychiatric-community-008":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":4,"question":6,"related":37,"lastmod":65},"精神科與社區衛生護理學","psychiatric-community",{"id":7,"webId":8,"year":9,"session":10,"subject":4,"number":11,"stem":12,"options":13,"answer":18,"answerNote":19,"images":20,"explanation":21,"explanationDeep":22,"topics":23,"freq":26},"nurse-111-1-精神科與社區衛生護理學-008","nurse-111-1-psychiatric-community-008",111,1,8,"護理師在病房照護病人，經常會應用行為治療協助病人行為改變，下列敘述何者最適當？",{"A":14,"B":15,"C":16,"D":17},"護理師稱讚病人可以踴躍發言，病人因而更願意分享，這是應用負向增強原理","護理師和病人約定，如果不出現干擾行為達 3 天，就可以解除暫禁外出，這是應用正向增強原理","為協助病人養成盥洗習慣，從簡單開始，將任務分成許多步驟推動，是應用逐步養成法的行為處置","將攻擊他人的病人，四肢約束送進保護室觀察，最主要是運用負向增強原理","C",null,[],"本題考點為行為治療原理的正確辨識。逐步養成法（shaping）是將複雜目標行為拆解為多個由易至難的小步驟，逐步增強達成，最終塑造出完整行為；C 描述協助病人養成盥洗習慣時從簡單開始、分步驟推動，正是逐步養成法的應用，故選 C。A 錯，稱讚使發言行為增加，是給予愉悅刺激的「正向增強」，非負向增強。B 錯，達成條件後「解除」暫禁外出這項嫌惡限制以增加良好行為，屬「負向增強」而非正向增強。D 錯，約束送保護室是施予嫌惡後果以減少攻擊行為，屬「懲罰」，非負向增強。","操作制約的四象限須分清：正向增強是給予愉悅刺激以增加行為（讚美）；負向增強是移除嫌惡刺激以增加行為（達標即解除禁足）；正向懲罰是施予嫌惡以減少行為（約束、隔離）；負向懲罰是移除愉悅以減少行為（取消點心）。關鍵在「增或減行為」與「給或拿刺激」兩軸交叉。逐步養成（shaping）另配合連續漸進增強，適用於技能重建與自理訓練。可連結代幣制（token economy）在精神復健的應用。記憶口訣：增強增行為、懲罰減行為；正給負拿。",[24,27,30,33,35],{"term":25,"count":26},"行為治療",14,{"term":28,"count":29},"操作制約",5,{"term":31,"count":32},"正向增強",2,{"term":34,"count":32},"負向增強",{"term":36,"count":10},"逐步養成法 shaping",[38,42,46,51,56,61],{"webId":39,"stem":40,"number":41,"year":9,"session":10},"nurse-111-1-psychiatric-community-009","協助危機狀態生還者之個別性處置（individual approach），下列何者最適當？",9,{"webId":43,"stem":44,"number":45,"year":9,"session":32},"nurse-111-2-psychiatric-community-025","有關焦慮的敘述，下列何者最適當？",25,{"webId":47,"stem":48,"number":49,"year":50,"session":10},"nurse-112-1-psychiatric-community-039","有關避免慢性精神病病人機構化的護理措施，下列何者最適宜？",39,112,{"webId":52,"stem":53,"number":54,"year":55,"session":10},"nurse-113-1-psychiatric-community-027","衛生福利部國民健康署成立青少年好漾館與WHO之SDGs中，那一個議題最為相關？",27,113,{"webId":57,"stem":58,"number":59,"year":60,"session":32},"nurse-114-2-psychiatric-community-031","護理師在判斷社區健康問題的嚴重性時，下列那一個原則最不適當？",31,114,{"webId":62,"stem":63,"number":45,"year":64,"session":10},"nurse-106-1-psychiatric-community-025","面對一位處於中度焦慮的病人，下列護理措施何者適當？①藉由溝通技巧協助病人解決問題 ②傾聽同理以協助減輕焦慮 ③評值及學習適當的因應技巧 ④約束病人以維護安全",106,"2026-09-04",1788510736183]