[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":63},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-111-1-medical-surgical-013":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":4,"question":6,"related":33,"lastmod":62},"內外科護理學","medical-surgical",{"id":7,"webId":8,"year":9,"session":10,"subject":4,"number":11,"stem":12,"options":13,"answer":18,"answerNote":19,"images":20,"explanation":21,"explanationDeep":22,"topics":23,"freq":26},"nurse-111-1-內外科護理學-013","nurse-111-1-medical-surgical-013",111,1,13,"有關膈裂孔疝氣的敘述，下列何者正確？",{"A":14,"B":15,"C":16,"D":17},"造成原因是胃自橫膈的食道裂孔往上進入縱膈腔內","食道旁疝氣常出現反流症狀","滑動疝氣發生率占所有膈裂孔疝氣的 20%","膈裂孔疝氣的原因為橫膈肌痙攣或腹內壓降低所致","A",null,[],"本題考點是膈裂孔疝氣(裂孔疝)的分類與病理。依定義,膈裂孔疝氣是胃經橫膈的食道裂孔向上突入縱膈腔內,故選 A 正確描述其成因。B 錯,常出現胃食道逆流(反流)症狀的是『滑動型』裂孔疝,而非食道旁型;食道旁型因賁門仍固定於正常位置,較少逆流但有嵌頓風險。C 錯,滑動型是最常見類型,約占所有裂孔疝的 90% 左右,而非 20%。D 錯,裂孔疝的成因是橫膈食道裂孔鬆弛擴大加上腹內壓『升高』(如肥胖、懷孕、腹水),而非橫膈痙攣或腹內壓降低。","兩型對比:滑動型(sliding, 約 90%)—胃食道接合處連同賁門滑入胸腔,下食道括約肌功能受損故以逆流、心口灼熱為主;食道旁型(paraesophageal\u002Frolling)—賁門位置不動,胃底沿食道旁疝出,逆流少但易嵌頓、絞窄而成急症。危險因子皆與腹內壓升高有關(肥胖、懷孕、慢性咳嗽、便秘用力)。護理與傾倒\u002F逆流照護相通:少量多餐、餐後勿平躺、床頭抬高、控制體重。",[24,27,29,31],{"term":25,"count":26},"胃食道逆流",6,{"term":28,"count":10},"膈裂孔疝氣",{"term":30,"count":10},"滑動型與食道旁型",{"term":32,"count":10},"腹內壓升高",[34,38,43,48,53,58],{"webId":35,"stem":36,"number":37,"year":9,"session":10},"nurse-111-1-medical-surgical-014","有關口腔炎的分類及臨床表徵，下列何者正確？",14,{"webId":39,"stem":40,"number":41,"year":9,"session":42},"nurse-111-2-medical-surgical-030","有關心包填塞（cardiac tamponade）症狀的敘述，下列何者錯誤？",30,2,{"webId":44,"stem":45,"number":46,"year":47,"session":10},"nurse-112-1-medical-surgical-044","王同學騎機車不慎與汽車擦撞引發機車起火，右小腿外側有 15 公分 ×7.5 公分的皮膚受損，診斷為深二度燒傷。下列臨床表徵何者正確？①皮膚變紅無水泡 ②皮膚呈灰白色有水泡 ③劇烈疼痛感 ④汗腺及毛囊完整 ⑤表皮及真皮層受損",44,112,{"webId":49,"stem":50,"number":51,"year":52,"session":10},"nurse-113-1-medical-surgical-032","下列何者是持續換氣不足病人之動脈血液氣體分析最可能出現的結果？",32,113,{"webId":54,"stem":55,"number":56,"year":57,"session":42},"nurse-114-2-medical-surgical-036","有關慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）病人之護理指導，下列何者最為適當？",36,114,{"webId":59,"stem":60,"number":41,"year":61,"session":10},"nurse-106-1-medical-surgical-030","有關腹主動脈瘤病人的護理措施，下列何者錯誤？",106,"2026-09-04",1788510734319]