[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":62},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-111-1-fundamental-nursing-080":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":34,"lastmod":61},"基本護理學與護理行政","fundamental-nursing","基本護理學(包括護理原理、護理技術)與護理行政",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":26},"nurse-111-1-基本護理學與護理行政-080","nurse-111-1-fundamental-nursing-080",111,1,80,"護理長依據同仁的某項特性進行考核，易產生下列何種偏誤？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"近因效應","霍桑效應","月暈效應","趨勢效應","C",null,[],"本題考點在於績效考核常見的評分偏誤。護理長僅依同仁的「某一項特性」(如某人很親切或某項很突出)就概化推論其整體表現優劣,這種以偏概全的效應稱為「月暈效應(halo effect)」,故選 C。A 近因效應是考核時過度受最近期表現影響、忽略整段期間的表現;B 霍桑效應指員工因知覺被觀察而暫時改變行為,屬研究\u002F觀察情境的效應,非考核偏誤;D 趨勢效應(集中趨勢\u002F寬嚴一致傾向)是評分者傾向給相近分數或一致偏高偏低。題幹強調「依某一項特性」推及整體,正是月暈效應的定義,故選 C。","績效考核偏誤常考清單:月暈效應(以單一特質概化全部,可正可負,負向者又稱尖角效應 horn effect)、近因效應(只記得最近)、初始效應(先入為主)、集中趨勢(都給中間分)、寬大\u002F嚴苛偏誤(一律偏高或偏低)、對比效應(與他人比較而非對標準)、刻板印象、月暈與邏輯誤差。記憶訣竅:「一項特性→整體」=月暈;「最近表現→整體」=近因。避免之道:採多面向、行為錨定量表(BARS)、明確評分標準與多評者。延伸連結 360 度回饋。",[25,27,30,32],{"term":17,"count":26},7,{"term":28,"count":29},"績效考核偏誤",5,{"term":15,"count":31},2,{"term":33,"count":31},"以偏概全",[35,38,43,47,52,57],{"webId":36,"stem":37,"number":11,"year":10,"session":31},"nurse-111-2-fundamental-nursing-001","有關健康與疾病觀點的敘述，下列何者錯誤？",{"webId":39,"stem":40,"number":41,"year":42,"session":11},"nurse-112-1-fundamental-nursing-017","執行背臀肌肌肉注射時，以四分法選擇注射部位，最上方的假想線會通過下列那一處？",17,112,{"webId":44,"stem":45,"number":46,"year":42,"session":31},"nurse-112-2-fundamental-nursing-031","病人解出黏液便，下列護理師的解釋何者較為適當？",31,{"webId":48,"stem":49,"number":50,"year":51,"session":31},"nurse-113-2-fundamental-nursing-049","有關品質管理，下列敘述何者正確？",49,113,{"webId":53,"stem":54,"number":55,"year":56,"session":11},"nurse-115-1-fundamental-nursing-003","護理師為了實踐個人護理理念，不計金錢報酬前往有大量傷患的醫院支援，以獲得個人精神與靈性的昇華。此行為符合那一種護理理念？",3,115,{"webId":58,"stem":59,"number":41,"year":60,"session":31},"nurse-106-2-fundamental-nursing-017","丁太太昨日接受剖腹手術，術後 24 小時仍未排氣，因此醫囑予 Dulcolax 2# Supp（10 mg）q4h prn。丁太太之醫囑內容為何？",106,"2026-09-04",1788510734194]