[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":64},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-111-1-fundamental-nursing-039":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":34,"lastmod":63},"基本護理學與護理行政","fundamental-nursing","基本護理學(包括護理原理、護理技術)與護理行政",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":27},"nurse-111-1-基本護理學與護理行政-039","nurse-111-1-fundamental-nursing-039",111,1,39,"下列何種疾病或情況的病人不會採端坐呼吸？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"腹水","充血性心臟衰竭","氣喘","腦幹腫瘤","D",null,[],"本題考點為端坐呼吸(orthopnea)的成因辨識,選「不會」採端坐呼吸者。端坐呼吸指平躺時呼吸困難、須坐起或身體前傾才舒適,成因是坐姿可減少靜脈回心血量、降低肺充血,或減輕腹部臟器對橫膈的壓迫。腦幹腫瘤影響的是中樞呼吸調控(呼吸節律與型態異常),並非因體位改變肺循環或橫膈壓迫而喘,故不會採端坐呼吸,選 D。A 腹水使腹壓上升、平躺時橫膈上抬受限,坐起可緩解。B 充血性心臟衰竭平躺時回心血量增加致肺充血,坐起減輕,是端坐呼吸典型病因。C 氣喘發作時坐起前傾利於呼吸輔助肌作用。","端坐呼吸的機轉主要有二:一是心因性——平躺使下肢與內臟靜脈回流增加,衰竭的左心無法負荷,肺靜脈壓上升致肺水腫,坐起靠重力把血液分流至下肢而緩解(左心衰竭典型,可延伸至夜間陣發性呼吸困難 PND);二是機械性——腹水、肥胖、大量腹脹使橫膈上抬,坐起減壓。氣喘、COPD 則靠坐姿前傾利用輔助呼吸肌。腦幹病灶影響延腦呼吸中樞,造成的是異常呼吸型態(如 Cheyne-Stokes、共濟失調呼吸),與體位無關,故不以端坐緩解。",[25,28,30,32],{"term":26,"count":27},"端坐呼吸",2,{"term":29,"count":11},"肺充血與靜脈回流",{"term":31,"count":11},"橫膈壓迫",{"term":33,"count":11},"腦幹呼吸中樞",[35,39,43,48,53,59],{"webId":36,"stem":37,"number":38,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-111-1-fundamental-nursing-040","關於心搏過緩（bradycardia）的描述，下列何者正確？",40,{"webId":40,"stem":41,"number":42,"year":10,"session":27},"nurse-111-2-fundamental-nursing-056","針對病人離世，喪親家屬之哀傷情緒支持，下列敘述何者最適當？",56,{"webId":44,"stem":45,"number":46,"year":47,"session":11},"nurse-112-1-fundamental-nursing-070","對於分權式組織特性的描述，下列敘述何者最適宜？",70,112,{"webId":49,"stem":50,"number":51,"year":52,"session":27},"nurse-113-2-fundamental-nursing-008","有關護理目標的訂定，下列何者最具體？",8,113,{"webId":54,"stem":55,"number":56,"year":57,"session":58},"nurse-114-3-fundamental-nursing-012","使用 Corticosteroids 乾粉吸入劑治療的病人，下列何者為用藥後需漱口的主要理由？",12,114,3,{"webId":60,"stem":61,"number":42,"year":62,"session":11},"nurse-106-1-fundamental-nursing-056","末期病人於意識清楚時，曾口頭表示臨終時不希望接受心肺復甦術，但尚未簽署任何意願書時，便發生意識不清，當病人出現呼吸停止時，病人的母親因為不捨，要求醫師插上氣管內插管及呼吸器，此時病人 20 歲的女兒到院時，希望能依照父親的心願撤除氣管內插管、呼吸器等維生處置，依據臺灣現行的安寧緩和醫療條例規範，下列處置何者正確？",106,"2026-09-04",1788510733812]