[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":64},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-111-1-fundamental-nursing-023":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":34,"lastmod":63},"基本護理學與護理行政","fundamental-nursing","基本護理學(包括護理原理、護理技術)與護理行政",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":27},"nurse-111-1-基本護理學與護理行政-023","nurse-111-1-fundamental-nursing-023",111,1,23,"若病人手臂靜脈不明顯且不易穿刺，可以採取下列那些措施以擴張血管？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"用力拍打欲穿刺的部位，促使抗組織胺分泌","給予欲穿刺手臂部位局部濕熱敷","抬高欲穿刺部位之肢體高於心臟","請個案不要緊張、深呼吸，放鬆手掌","B",null,[],"本題考點在於擴張周邊血管以利靜脈穿刺的物理原理。血管口徑受溫度與重力影響:局部濕熱敷使血管平滑肌鬆弛、血管擴張,靜脈更充盈明顯,故選 B。A 錯在拍打會刺激組織釋放組織胺造成局部血管通透性增加與紅腫,並非「促使分泌以擴張」,且用力拍打反而可能造成瘀傷,此敘述機轉錯誤。C 錯在抬高肢體高於心臟會促進靜脈回流、使遠端靜脈塌陷變得更不明顯,穿刺前應該把肢體放低於心臟才對。D 錯在放鬆手掌無助於充盈,反而握拳(讓肌肉收縮把血液擠向靜脈)才能使血管浮現,深呼吸放鬆對局部血管擴張效果有限。","溫熱使血管擴張的機轉是熱能使血管平滑肌鬆弛並反射性擴張以散熱(局部血流增加)。臨床找血管的三招可對比記憶:熱敷(擴張)、下垂(利用重力充盈)、握拳或輕拍(把血液擠入靜脈)。抬高肢體是相反操作,用於減輕水腫或出血時的靜脈回流。組織胺確實是造成血管擴張與通透性增加的發炎介質,但由肥大細胞去顆粒釋放,並非靠拍打「促進分泌」來當作找血管手法,這是選項刻意設計的機轉陷阱。",[25,28,30,32],{"term":26,"count":27},"血管擴張",11,{"term":29,"count":11},"濕熱敷",{"term":31,"count":11},"重力與靜脈充盈",{"term":33,"count":11},"組織胺",[35,39,44,49,54,59],{"webId":36,"stem":37,"number":38,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-111-1-fundamental-nursing-024","李先生體重 60 公斤，輸血醫囑「Blood transfusion PRBC（packed RBC）2 units」，輸血開始 15 分鐘後，出現頭痛、寒顫、發燒、呼吸困難、低血壓等症狀，此時護理師在通知醫師之前，最優先的處理為何？",24,{"webId":40,"stem":41,"number":42,"year":10,"session":43},"nurse-111-2-fundamental-nursing-040","關於常見脈律不整類型的敘述，下列何者錯誤？",40,2,{"webId":45,"stem":46,"number":47,"year":48,"session":11},"nurse-112-1-fundamental-nursing-054","王先生因肺癌末期，依其各系統生理上出現的變化判定即將臨終，下列敘述何者錯誤？",54,112,{"webId":50,"stem":51,"number":52,"year":53,"session":11},"nurse-113-1-fundamental-nursing-042","下列那些臨床專業能力訓練課程，屬於N2進階N3層級的訓練重點？①重症病人護理 ②危機處理 ③教學原理與方法 ④護理與法律",42,113,{"webId":55,"stem":56,"number":57,"year":58,"session":43},"nurse-114-2-fundamental-nursing-046","手部衛生指引原則，下列敘述何者最不適當？",46,114,{"webId":60,"stem":61,"number":42,"year":62,"session":11},"nurse-106-1-fundamental-nursing-040","熱中暑病人之救護措施，下列何者錯誤？",106,"2026-09-04",1788510733630]