[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":68},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-111-1-basic-medicine-077":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":37,"lastmod":67},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":27},"nurse-111-1-基礎醫學-077","nurse-111-1-basic-medicine-077",111,1,77,"補體活化後最終形成膜攻擊複合體（membrane attack complex, MAC）。下列何者較易受到這項防禦機制的作用而死亡？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"B 型肝炎病毒（Hepatitis B virus）","奈瑟氏菌（Neisseria）","葡萄球菌（Staphylococcus）","鏈球菌（Streptococcus）","B",null,[],"本題考點在於補體膜攻擊複合體（MAC）對不同病原的殺傷差異。MAC由C5b-9組成，在標的膜上打孔造成滲透溶解，對「單層外膜、無厚肽聚糖保護」的革蘭氏陰性菌特別有效。奈瑟氏菌（Neisseria，B）為革蘭氏陰性雙球菌，其外膜易受MAC攻擊，臨床上補體末端成分（C5-C9）缺損者特別易反覆感染奈瑟氏菌，正說明此機轉，故B為本題答案。葡萄球菌（C）與鏈球菌（D）為革蘭氏陽性菌，厚肽聚糖層阻擋MAC插入。B型肝炎病毒（A）為有套膜病毒但非MAC主要溶殺對象。故最易被MAC致死者為奈瑟氏菌。","補體末端途徑缺陷（C5-9、properdin）的臨床標記就是『反覆奈瑟氏菌感染』，包括腦膜炎雙球菌與淋病雙球菌，這是免疫學高頻連結題。革蘭氏陽性菌的厚肽聚糖層讓MAC難以觸及細胞膜，故補體對其溶菌力弱，主要靠調理作用（C3b）與吞噬。記憶口訣：『MAC專打陰性菌，缺C末端怕奈瑟』。",[25,28,31,33,35],{"term":26,"count":27},"革蘭氏陰性菌",6,{"term":29,"count":30},"補體系統",2,{"term":32,"count":11},"膜攻擊複合體MAC",{"term":34,"count":11},"奈瑟氏菌",{"term":36,"count":11},"補體末端缺陷",[38,42,47,52,57,62],{"webId":39,"stem":40,"number":41,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-111-1-basic-medicine-078","下列何種病毒會造成潛伏感染（latent infection），病毒會潛伏在神經節的神經細胞中？",78,{"webId":43,"stem":44,"number":45,"year":46,"session":11},"nurse-112-1-basic-medicine-044","下列何種致病菌不是主要經由呼吸道感染人體？",44,112,{"webId":48,"stem":49,"number":50,"year":46,"session":51},"nurse-112-3-basic-medicine-038","使用口服 Levothyroxine 治療甲狀腺功能低下（hypothyroidism）時，併用下列何種口服藥物最會降低 Levothyroxine 吸收？",38,3,{"webId":53,"stem":54,"number":55,"year":56,"session":11},"nurse-114-1-basic-medicine-036","Abciximab治療不穩定型心絞痛（unstable angina）的藥理機制為何？",36,114,{"webId":58,"stem":59,"number":60,"year":61,"session":30},"nurse-115-2-basic-medicine-040","下列單株抗體藥物中，何者可抑制上皮生長因子受體（epidermal growth factor receptor, EGFR）之作用，用於治療癌症？",40,115,{"webId":63,"stem":64,"number":65,"year":66,"session":11},"nurse-107-1-basic-medicine-024","偵測人類絨毛膜性腺激素是確定懷孕之重要指標。請問人類絨毛膜性腺激素何時開始分泌？",24,107,"2026-09-04",1788510733381]