[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":65},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-111-1-basic-medicine-071":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":33,"lastmod":64},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":11},"nurse-111-1-基礎醫學-071","nurse-111-1-basic-medicine-071",111,1,71,"下列何者是影響自體免疫疾病易感性的主要遺傳因子？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"CTLA-4（cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4）","FOXP3（forkhead box P3）","HLA（human leukocyte antigen）","AIRE（Autoimmune regulator）","C",null,[],"本題考點為影響自體免疫疾病易感性的主要遺傳因子。人類白血球抗原（HLA，即人類的 MHC 基因）多型性決定抗原呈遞的特性，是與最多自體免疫疾病相關聯的主要遺傳易感因子（如 HLA-B27 與僵直性脊椎炎、HLA-DR 與類風濕性關節炎等），故選 C。A 的 CTLA-4 與 T 細胞調節有關聯，但影響程度不如 HLA 廣泛。B 的 FOXP3 突變導致 IPEX 症候群，屬單基因調節 T 細胞缺陷。D 的 AIRE 突變造成 APECED（自體免疫多內分泌病變），也屬單基因。就『主要且廣泛』的遺傳易感因子而言，HLA 為正解。","遺傳與自體免疫：HLA（MHC）是最強、關聯最廣的易感基因群，因其決定哪些自體\u002F外來胜肽被呈遞給 T 細胞，影響中樞與周邊耐受。經典連結：HLA-B27（僵直性脊椎炎、反應性關節炎）、HLA-DR3\u002FDR4（第一型糖尿病）、HLA-DR4（RA）。單基因調節缺陷則造成戲劇性但罕見的症候群：FOXP3→IPEX（Treg 缺失）、AIRE→APECED（胸腺負選擇失常）、CTLA-4→免疫調節失衡。記憶：『談自體免疫易感，先想 HLA』。",[25,27,29,31],{"term":26,"count":11},"自體免疫易感性",{"term":28,"count":11},"HLA(MHC)多型性",{"term":30,"count":11},"抗原呈遞",{"term":32,"count":11},"HLA-B27\u002FDR 疾病關聯",[34,38,43,48,53,59],{"webId":35,"stem":36,"number":37,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-111-1-basic-medicine-072","關於肉毒桿菌（Clostridium botulinum ）引發食物中毒的敘述，下列何者錯誤？",72,{"webId":39,"stem":40,"number":41,"year":42,"session":11},"nurse-112-1-basic-medicine-038","下列何種藥物可降低腸道中水分的分泌，用於治療旅行時之腹瀉？",38,112,{"webId":44,"stem":45,"number":46,"year":42,"session":47},"nurse-112-3-basic-medicine-032","治療慢性阻塞性肺病（chronic obstructive pulmonary disease）的藥物中，下列何者具有抗發炎的作用？",32,3,{"webId":49,"stem":50,"number":51,"year":52,"session":11},"nurse-114-1-basic-medicine-030","庫賈氏病（Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease）最典型的病理變化為下列何者？",30,114,{"webId":54,"stem":55,"number":56,"year":57,"session":58},"nurse-115-2-basic-medicine-034","下列憂鬱症治療劑中，何者之作用機轉是選擇性抑制血清素（serotonin）被神經細胞回收（uptake）？",34,115,2,{"webId":60,"stem":61,"number":62,"year":63,"session":11},"nurse-107-1-basic-medicine-018","骨骼肌收縮時的鈣離子是從那種鈣通道釋放出來？",18,107,"2026-09-04",1788510733320]