[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":65},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-111-1-basic-medicine-070":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":33,"lastmod":64},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":11},"nurse-111-1-基礎醫學-070","nurse-111-1-basic-medicine-070",111,1,70,"下列何者是主要引起敗血症全身性反應的因子？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"TNF-α","IL-12","IL-17","C-reactive protein","A",null,[],"本題考點為引起敗血症全身性反應的主要細胞激素。TNF-α（腫瘤壞死因子）是革蘭氏陰性菌內毒素（LPS）刺激巨噬細胞後大量釋放的關鍵前發炎細胞激素，可引發發燒、血管擴張、微血管通透性增加、瀰漫性血管內凝血與敗血性休克，是敗血症全身反應的主要驅動因子，故選 A。B 的 IL-12 主要促進 Th1 分化與 NK\u002FT 細胞活化。C 的 IL-17 與嗜中性球招募、黏膜防禦相關。D 的 C-reactive protein 是急性期反應蛋白、屬發炎的『指標』而非主要致病因子。故 TNF-α 為正解。","敗血症級聯：LPS 結合 TLR4 → 巨噬細胞釋放 TNF-α、IL-1、IL-6 → 發燒（前列腺素）、內皮活化、凝血活化與血管麻痺（NO 過量）→ 分布性休克與多重器官衰竭。TNF-α 是最早且最關鍵的『扳機』，過量可致細胞激素風暴。IL-6 誘導 CRP、纖維蛋白原等急性期蛋白，CRP 因此只是下游指標。記憶：『敗血症的頭號煽動者＝TNF-α』；CRP 是報信的、不是放火的。",[25,27,29,31],{"term":26,"count":11},"敗血症",{"term":28,"count":11},"TNF-α(主要前發炎細胞激素)",{"term":30,"count":11},"內毒素 LPS\u002FTLR4",{"term":32,"count":11},"C-reactive protein 為指標",[34,38,43,48,53,59],{"webId":35,"stem":36,"number":37,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-111-1-basic-medicine-071","下列何者是影響自體免疫疾病易感性的主要遺傳因子？",71,{"webId":39,"stem":40,"number":41,"year":42,"session":11},"nurse-112-1-basic-medicine-037","治療高血脂症時，能同時降低膽固醇及三酸甘油酯的藥物，下列何者最佳？",37,112,{"webId":44,"stem":45,"number":46,"year":42,"session":47},"nurse-112-3-basic-medicine-031","下列何種藥物不適合用來治療青光眼？",31,3,{"webId":49,"stem":50,"number":51,"year":52,"session":11},"nurse-114-1-basic-medicine-029","乳癌病患出現橘皮（peau d'orange）現象，與下列何者最有關？",29,114,{"webId":54,"stem":55,"number":56,"year":57,"session":58},"nurse-115-2-basic-medicine-033","下列何者拮抗多巴胺 D 2 受體之作用最明顯，屬於典型抗思覺失調症藥物（typical antipsychotics）？",33,115,2,{"webId":60,"stem":61,"number":62,"year":63,"session":11},"nurse-107-1-basic-medicine-017","有關脂質（lipid）與脂肪（fat）的敘述，下列何者正確？",17,107,"2026-09-04",1788510733316]