[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":65},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-111-1-basic-medicine-069":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":33,"lastmod":64},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":11},"nurse-111-1-基礎醫學-069","nurse-111-1-basic-medicine-069",111,1,69,"絕對厭氧菌不能在有氧環境下生長，是因為缺乏以下何種酵素？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"觸酶（catalase）和凝固酶（coagulase）","超氧岐化酶（superoxide dismutase）和觸酶（catalase）","氧化酶（oxidase）和超氧岐化酶（superoxide dismutase）","凝固酶（coagulase）和氧化酶（oxidase）","B",null,[],"本題考點為絕對厭氧菌無法在有氧環境生存的原因。氧氣代謝會產生毒性氧自由基與過氧化氫，正常細菌靠超氧岐化酶（superoxide dismutase, SOD）將超氧陰離子轉為過氧化氫，再由觸酶（catalase）將過氧化氫分解為水與氧。絕對厭氧菌因缺乏 SOD 與 catalase（及\u002F或過氧化物酶），無法清除這些毒性氧代謝物而在有氧下死亡，故選 B。凝固酶（coagulase，A、D）與致病力相關而非解毒酵素。氧化酶（oxidase，C、D）與電子傳遞鏈有關，非本題關鍵。故正解為 SOD 與 catalase。","氧毒性防禦機轉：O2 代謝依序產生超氧陰離子（O2•⁻）→ SOD → H2O2 → catalase\u002Fperoxidase → H2O。缺乏這些酵素即無法解毒。分類記憶：絕對厭氧菌（Clostridium、Bacteroides）缺 SOD\u002Fcatalase；耐氧厭氧菌有 SOD 但缺 catalase；好氧與兼性菌兩者皆備。臨床應用：catalase 試驗可區分葡萄球菌（catalase+）與鏈球菌（catalase−）。口訣：『沒有 SOD、沒有觸酶，遇氧就完蛋』。",[25,27,29,31],{"term":26,"count":11},"絕對厭氧菌",{"term":28,"count":11},"超氧岐化酶(SOD)",{"term":30,"count":11},"觸酶(catalase)",{"term":32,"count":11},"氧自由基解毒",[34,38,43,48,53,59],{"webId":35,"stem":36,"number":37,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-111-1-basic-medicine-070","下列何者是主要引起敗血症全身性反應的因子？",70,{"webId":39,"stem":40,"number":41,"year":42,"session":11},"nurse-112-1-basic-medicine-036","有機硝酸鹽用於治療及預防穩定型心絞痛，劑量大時會導致周邊阻力減少，引發反射性心跳加快，因此常與下列那類藥物合併使用來避免心絞痛惡化？",36,112,{"webId":44,"stem":45,"number":46,"year":42,"session":47},"nurse-112-3-basic-medicine-030","有關肝硬化（liver cirrhosis），下列敘述何者錯誤？",30,3,{"webId":49,"stem":50,"number":51,"year":52,"session":11},"nurse-114-1-basic-medicine-028","下列何者為快速進行性腎絲球腎炎（rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis）最主要的病理變化？",28,114,{"webId":54,"stem":55,"number":56,"year":57,"session":58},"nurse-115-2-basic-medicine-032","下列藥物中，何者無法用於治療廣角性青光眼？",32,115,2,{"webId":60,"stem":61,"number":62,"year":63,"session":11},"nurse-107-1-basic-medicine-016","神經細胞受傷後，下列何種胞器常會發生「溶解」現象？",16,107,"2026-09-04",1788510733306]