[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":65},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-111-1-basic-medicine-061":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":33,"lastmod":64},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":11},"nurse-111-1-基礎醫學-061","nurse-111-1-basic-medicine-061",111,1,61,"下列何種藥物是屬於擬抗膽鹼素性拮抗劑（cholinergic antagonists），當氣喘病人無法忍受擬腎上腺素性作用劑（β 2 adrenergic agonists）的作用時，可作為替代品治療氣喘？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"Cromolyn","Omalizumab","Ipratropium","Theophylline","C",null,[],"本題考點為可替代 β2 致效劑治療氣喘的抗膽鹼素性拮抗劑。Ipratropium 是吸入型抗膽鹼藥（muscarinic 受體拮抗劑），阻斷副交感造成的支氣管收縮而達支氣管擴張，當病人無法耐受 β2 致效劑時可作為替代，故選 C。A 的 Cromolyn 是肥大細胞穩定劑，用於預防而非急性支氣管擴張。B 的 Omalizumab 是抗 IgE 單株抗體，用於過敏性氣喘的生物製劑。D 的 Theophylline 是甲基黃嘌呤類、抑磷酸二酯酶的支氣管擴張劑，但機轉不同且非抗膽鹼類。故正解為 ipratropium。","機轉對比：氣喘支氣管擴張兩大路徑—β2 致效劑（salbutamol，活化 β2→cAMP↑→平滑肌鬆弛，快速緩解）；抗膽鹼劑（ipratropium\u002Ftiotropium，阻斷 M3 受體→抑制副交感支氣管收縮）。ipratropium 起效稍慢，在 COPD 更常為主力，氣喘則多為輔助或 β2 不耐時替代。Cromolyn＝預防型肥大細胞穩定；Omalizumab＝抗 IgE；Theophylline＝PDE 抑制＋腺苷拮抗（治療窗窄）。記憶：『抗膽鹼＝ipratropium』。",[25,27,29,31],{"term":26,"count":11},"Ipratropium(抗膽鹼支氣管擴張)",{"term":28,"count":11},"毒蕈鹼受體拮抗",{"term":30,"count":11},"β2 致效劑替代",{"term":32,"count":11},"氣喘藥物分類",[34,38,43,48,53,59],{"webId":35,"stem":36,"number":37,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-111-1-basic-medicine-062","關於礦物皮質類固醇（mineralocorticoid）的生理及藥理作用，下列何者錯誤？",62,{"webId":39,"stem":40,"number":41,"year":42,"session":11},"nurse-112-1-basic-medicine-028","兒童之後天性心臟病最常見者為下列那一種？",28,112,{"webId":44,"stem":45,"number":46,"year":42,"session":47},"nurse-112-3-basic-medicine-022","下列何者不是下肢深部靜脈血栓（deep venous thrombosis）常引起的臨床表現？",22,3,{"webId":49,"stem":50,"number":51,"year":52,"session":11},"nurse-114-1-basic-medicine-020","下列何者源自骨髓細胞，而後遷移至中樞神經系統內成熟？",20,114,{"webId":54,"stem":55,"number":56,"year":57,"session":58},"nurse-115-2-basic-medicine-024","關於肺癌的敘述，下列何者最適當？",24,115,2,{"webId":60,"stem":61,"number":62,"year":63,"session":11},"nurse-107-1-basic-medicine-008","有絲分裂時，那一時期染色體會排列在赤道板上？",8,107,"2026-09-04",1788510733228]