[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":65},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-111-1-basic-medicine-060":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":34,"lastmod":64},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":27},"nurse-111-1-基礎醫學-060","nurse-111-1-basic-medicine-060",111,1,60,"下列何種藥物具有止吐作用，常合併 metoclopramide 以增強止吐的作用？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"Loperamide","Dexamethasone","Lubiprostone","Methylcellulose","B",null,[],"本題考點為與 metoclopramide 併用以增強止吐的藥物。化療引起的噁心嘔吐常採多機轉合併給藥，Dexamethasone（皮質類固醇）具止吐輔助作用，臨床常與 metoclopramide 或 5-HT3 拮抗劑併用以增強止吐效果，故選 B。A 的 Loperamide 是止瀉藥（作用於腸道鴉片受體），非止吐。C 的 Lubiprostone 是治療便秘的氯離子通道活化劑。D 的 Methylcellulose 是膨脹性瀉劑（纖維素），也與止吐無關。故唯有 dexamethasone 為止吐輔助用藥。","止吐藥搭配邏輯：化療止吐常採『5-HT3 拮抗劑（ondansetron）＋皮質類固醇（dexamethasone）＋NK1 拮抗劑（aprepitant）』三合一，機轉互補涵蓋不同催吐路徑。Metoclopramide 為多巴胺 D2 拮抗劑兼促腸胃蠕動，與 dexamethasone 併用可加強效果。Dexamethasone 止吐確切機轉未完全明瞭，可能涉及抗發炎與中樞調節。記憶：其餘三個選項分別是止瀉、通便、膨脹瀉劑，都與『吐』無關。",[25,28,30,32],{"term":26,"count":27},"化療引起噁心嘔吐",2,{"term":29,"count":11},"止吐藥合併用藥",{"term":31,"count":11},"Dexamethasone(皮質類固醇輔助止吐)",{"term":33,"count":11},"Metoclopramide(D2 拮抗)",[35,39,44,49,54,59],{"webId":36,"stem":37,"number":38,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-111-1-basic-medicine-061","下列何種藥物是屬於擬抗膽鹼素性拮抗劑（cholinergic antagonists），當氣喘病人無法忍受擬腎上腺素性作用劑（β 2 adrenergic agonists）的作用時，可作為替代品治療氣喘？",61,{"webId":40,"stem":41,"number":42,"year":43,"session":11},"nurse-112-1-basic-medicine-027","有過敏性鼻炎病史的病人，因為反覆鼻炎造成鼻黏膜「灰白色葡萄狀」增生，此病灶是什麼？",27,112,{"webId":45,"stem":46,"number":47,"year":43,"session":48},"nurse-112-3-basic-medicine-021","下列何者，最容易出現細胞中脂褐質（lipofuscin）的沉積？",21,3,{"webId":50,"stem":51,"number":52,"year":53,"session":11},"nurse-114-1-basic-medicine-019","當肱骨（humerus）的骨幹發生骨折，最可能直接傷及那一條手臂的神經？",19,114,{"webId":55,"stem":56,"number":57,"year":58,"session":27},"nurse-115-2-basic-medicine-023","有關體染色體隱性（autosomal recessive）遺傳疾病的描述，下列何者錯誤？",23,115,{"webId":60,"stem":61,"number":62,"year":63,"session":11},"nurse-107-1-basic-medicine-007","有關淋巴結的敘述，下列何者錯誤？",7,107,"2026-09-04",1788510733222]