[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":65},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-111-1-basic-medicine-045":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":34,"lastmod":64},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":27},"nurse-111-1-基礎醫學-045","nurse-111-1-basic-medicine-045",111,1,45,"下列何者與新生兒呼吸窘迫症候群最不相關？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"致病機轉主要與新生兒體重過大有關","肺界面活性劑（surfactant）缺乏","玻璃質膜（hyaline membrane）形成，導致缺氧","新生兒出現呼吸困難現象","A",null,[],"本題考點為新生兒呼吸窘迫症候群（NRDS）的致病機轉與臨床特徵，且題目要選「最不相關」者。NRDS 的核心是早產兒第二型肺泡細胞尚未成熟、肺界面活性劑（surfactant）缺乏，導致肺泡表面張力過高而塌陷、缺氧並形成玻璃質膜。因此致病主因是「早產、體重過輕」而非體重過大，A 的敘述與機轉相反，為最不相關，選 A。B 的 surfactant 缺乏正是根本原因。C 的玻璃質膜（hyaline membrane）形成是本病的病理特徵，故又稱透明膜病。D 的呼吸困難、呻吟、肋間凹陷等是典型臨床表現。故唯有 A 方向錯誤。","機轉延伸：Surfactant 由第二型肺泡細胞分泌，約妊娠 34–36 週後才充足，主成分為 dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine，可降低肺泡表面張力、避免呼氣末塌陷（依 Laplace 定律 P=2T\u002Fr，缺 surfactant 使小肺泡張力升高易塌）。風險因子：早產、母親糖尿病、剖腹產、男嬰。治療：產前類固醇促肺成熟、產後外源性 surfactant 補充、CPAP。記憶：巨嬰（macrosomia）多與母親糖尿病相關，但 NRDS 對應的是「早產＋surfactant 不足」，勿把體重大小方向記反。",[25,28,30,32],{"term":26,"count":27},"新生兒呼吸窘迫症候群",3,{"term":29,"count":11},"肺界面活性劑缺乏",{"term":31,"count":11},"玻璃質膜(透明膜病)",{"term":33,"count":11},"早產",[35,39,44,48,53,59],{"webId":36,"stem":37,"number":38,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-111-1-basic-medicine-046","下列有關妊娠滋養層疾病（Gestational trophoblastic disease）之敘述，何者錯誤？",46,{"webId":40,"stem":41,"number":42,"year":43,"session":11},"nurse-112-1-basic-medicine-012","升糖素（glucagon）會刺激下列那一器官產生肝醣分解作用（glycogenolysis）？",12,112,{"webId":45,"stem":46,"number":47,"year":43,"session":27},"nurse-112-3-basic-medicine-006","支持子宮的韌帶中，下列何者會經過鼠蹊管（inguinal canal）連結到大陰唇（labia majora）？",6,{"webId":49,"stem":50,"number":51,"year":52,"session":11},"nurse-114-1-basic-medicine-004","下列有關褪黑激素（melatonin）的敘述，何者錯誤？",4,114,{"webId":54,"stem":55,"number":56,"year":57,"session":58},"nurse-115-2-basic-medicine-008","下列那個唾液腺的腫瘤，最可能壓迫到顏面神經（facial nerve）？",8,115,2,{"webId":60,"stem":61,"number":62,"year":63,"session":58},"nurse-106-2-basic-medicine-072","對於「D 型肝炎」的敘述，下列何者錯誤？",72,106,"2026-09-04",1788510733071]