[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":64},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-111-1-basic-medicine-043":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":33,"lastmod":63},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":11},"nurse-111-1-基礎醫學-043","nurse-111-1-basic-medicine-043",111,1,43,"下列何種免疫性疾病，病人幾乎都是男性？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"全身性紅斑性狼瘡（SLE）","迪喬治症候群（DiGeorge syndrome）","IgA 缺乏症（isolated IgA deficiency）","布魯頓氏病（Bruton disease）／X-性聯遺傳無伽碼 g 球蛋白血症","D",null,[],"本題考點在於辨識屬於 X 染色體性聯隱性遺傳的免疫缺陷疾病。布魯頓氏無伽瑪球蛋白血症（X-linked agammaglobulinemia）是 BTK 基因突變，位於 X 染色體，導致 B 細胞無法成熟、幾乎沒有抗體；因男性只有一條 X 染色體，帶病基因即發病，故病人幾乎都是男性，選 D。全身性紅斑性狼瘡（A）雖與性別有關，但好發於女性而非男性，方向相反。迪喬治症候群（B）是第 22 對染色體微缺失造成胸腺發育不全，與性別無關。IgA 缺乏症（C）為最常見的原發性免疫缺乏，男女皆可，也非性聯遺傳。因此唯有 D 具備「幾乎全為男性」的性聯遺傳特徵。","記憶關鍵：X-linked 免疫缺陷「幾乎全男性」的代表就是 Bruton（BTK 缺陷，B 細胞停在 pre-B 階段）與 Wiskott-Aldrich、X-linked SCID。Bruton 病嬰兒約 6 個月後、母體來的 IgG 消退才反覆化膿性感染。可對比：SLE 是自體免疫、女男約 9:1；DiGeorge 是 T 細胞缺陷（胸腺不發育）合併心臟大血管與副甲狀腺異常（CATCH-22）；IgA deficiency 多無症狀但輸血可能過敏。把「性聯＝男性為主」與「自體免疫＝女性為主」兩條線分開記，考試最不易混淆。",[25,27,29,31],{"term":26,"count":11},"X 染色體性聯隱性遺傳",{"term":28,"count":11},"布魯頓氏無伽瑪球蛋白血症",{"term":30,"count":11},"BTK 基因",{"term":32,"count":11},"B 細胞缺陷",[34,38,43,48,53,58],{"webId":35,"stem":36,"number":37,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-111-1-basic-medicine-044","下列那一項因素與波雷特氏食道（Barrett esophagus）發生腺癌（adenocarcinoma）最有關係？",44,{"webId":39,"stem":40,"number":41,"year":42,"session":11},"nurse-112-1-basic-medicine-010","總膽管是由下列何者會合而形成？",10,112,{"webId":44,"stem":45,"number":46,"year":42,"session":47},"nurse-112-3-basic-medicine-004","喉結（laryngeal prominence）主要是由喉部（larynx）的那一塊軟骨構成？",4,3,{"webId":49,"stem":50,"number":51,"year":52,"session":11},"nurse-114-1-basic-medicine-002","下列何種疾病與耳朵功能異常最無關？",2,114,{"webId":54,"stem":55,"number":56,"year":57,"session":51},"nurse-115-2-basic-medicine-006","下列那一種女性的外生殖器官，發育來源與男性的陰莖（penis）相同，都是由海綿體構成，且含有許多神經末梢？",6,115,{"webId":59,"stem":60,"number":61,"year":62,"session":51},"nurse-106-2-basic-medicine-070","下列何者不是革蘭氏陽性桿菌？",70,106,"2026-09-04",1788510733057]