[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":65},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-111-1-basic-medicine-031":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":34,"lastmod":64},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":27},"nurse-111-1-基礎醫學-031","nurse-111-1-basic-medicine-031",111,1,31,"下列有關人體在高海拔地區之生理調適反應，何者正確？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"2, 3-雙磷甘油（2, 3-diphosphoglycerate）減少","肌肉中血管的密度降低","刺激周邊化學接受器（peripheral chemoreceptor）促進換氣","腎臟促紅細胞生成素（erythropoietin）分泌降低","C",null,[],"本題考點在於人體對高海拔低氧環境的生理調適反應。高海拔大氣氧分壓低,動脈血氧下降會刺激頸動脈體與主動脈體的周邊化學接受器,反射性增加呼吸換氣以提升攝氧,故 C 正確,為正解。A 錯,為改善組織供氧,紅血球內 2,3-DPG 應「增加」以降低血紅素對氧的親和力、利於在組織釋氧,而非減少。B 錯,長期適應會促進血管新生使肌肉微血管密度「增加」,而非降低。D 錯,腎臟因缺氧會分泌更多紅血球生成素(EPO)刺激造血,故 EPO 應上升而非降低。唯 C 符合急性換氣代償,故答案為 C。","高海拔適應分急性與慢性:急性——周邊化學受器偵測低 PaO₂→過度換氣(可致呼吸性鹼中毒,腎臟隨後排 HCO₃⁻ 代償);2,3-DPG↑使氧解離曲線右移利於組織釋氧。慢性——腎臟缺氧感應(HIF 路徑)使 EPO↑→紅血球增生、血比容上升;組織血管新生增加、粒線體與肌紅蛋白適應。這些改變共同對抗低氧。過猶不及則生高山症(急性高山病、肺水腫、腦水腫),與適應速度跟不上有關,屬臨床延伸。",[25,28,30,32],{"term":26,"count":27},"2,3-DPG",3,{"term":29,"count":11},"高海拔低氧調適",{"term":31,"count":11},"周邊化學接受器",{"term":33,"count":11},"紅血球生成素 EPO",[35,39,44,49,54,59],{"webId":36,"stem":37,"number":38,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-111-1-basic-medicine-032","下列有關胃腸道神經反射的受體（receptor）角色，何者錯誤？",32,{"webId":40,"stem":41,"number":42,"year":10,"session":43},"nurse-111-2-basic-medicine-048","有關梅毒（syphilis）的敘述，下列何者正確？",48,2,{"webId":45,"stem":46,"number":47,"year":48,"session":43},"nurse-112-2-basic-medicine-042","黴菌結構及生理特性的敘述，下列何者正確？",42,112,{"webId":50,"stem":51,"number":52,"year":53,"session":27},"nurse-113-3-basic-medicine-040","下列那一個藥物屬於 topoisomerase I 抑制劑？",40,113,{"webId":55,"stem":56,"number":57,"year":58,"session":11},"nurse-115-1-basic-medicine-044","有關疫苗的敘述，下列何者錯誤？",44,115,{"webId":60,"stem":61,"number":62,"year":63,"session":43},"nurse-106-2-basic-medicine-058","下列降血壓藥物中，何者具有血管擴張作用，且臨床上可用於良性前列腺肥大症（BPH）？",58,106,"2026-09-04",1788510732948]