[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":64},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-110-2-psychiatric-community-023":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":4,"question":6,"related":34,"lastmod":63},"精神科與社區衛生護理學","psychiatric-community",{"id":7,"webId":8,"year":9,"session":10,"subject":4,"number":11,"stem":12,"options":13,"answer":18,"answerNote":19,"images":20,"explanation":21,"explanationDeep":22,"topics":23,"freq":26},"nurse-110-2-精神科與社區衛生護理學-023","nurse-110-2-psychiatric-community-023",110,2,23,"依據學習理論，有關特定畏懼症（special phobia）病人學習恐懼的途徑，下列敘述何者最適當？",{"A":14,"B":15,"C":16,"D":17},"過去曾有被畏懼對象傷害的不愉快經驗","未能從過去經歷過的重大失落事件學習如何處理焦慮","未能感受到自己被重要他人所認可","無法忽略或壓抑反覆出現的想法或衝動","A",null,[],"本題考點在特定畏懼症的學習理論成因。依古典制約與學習理論，特定畏懼症常源於過去曾被畏懼對象傷害的不愉快(創傷)經驗，透過制約將該對象與恐懼連結而形成，故選A最適當。B「未從失落事件學習處理焦慮」較貼近適應障礙或哀傷議題，非畏懼症的制約機轉；C「未被重要他人認可」屬自尊與人際發展議題，非特定畏懼的成因；D「無法忽略或壓抑反覆出現的想法或衝動」描述的是強迫症的強迫思考特徵，與特定畏懼針對特定對象的恐懼不同，皆不符合學習理論對畏懼症的解釋。","特定畏懼症的行為學習模式：古典制約建立恐懼連結(創傷經驗→對象=害怕)，操作制約經由逃避行為負增強而維持(逃避→焦慮暫解→強化逃避)。治療用系統減敏感法與暴露法打破逃避循環。也可經觀察學習(替代制約)習得。口訣「一朝被蛇咬」。可連結：古典制約、系統減敏感法、暴露療法、逃避的負增強。",[24,27,29,32],{"term":25,"count":26},"學習理論",3,{"term":28,"count":26},"逃避行為",{"term":30,"count":31},"特定畏懼症",1,{"term":33,"count":31},"古典制約",[35,39,44,48,53,58],{"webId":36,"stem":37,"number":38,"year":9,"session":10},"nurse-110-2-psychiatric-community-024","有關強迫症（obsessive-compulsive disorder, OCD）病人的敘述，下列何者最適當？",24,{"webId":40,"stem":41,"number":42,"year":43,"session":31},"nurse-111-1-psychiatric-community-040","根據卡普蘭（Caplan, G.）危機理論，當個人常慣用的因應機轉失敗時，個體功能變得紊亂時，此為何項危機理論的分期？",40,111,{"webId":45,"stem":46,"number":47,"year":43,"session":10},"nurse-111-2-psychiatric-community-054","進行社區評估資料收集時，下列資料，何者無法從各鄉鎮區公所的戶政系統取得？",54,{"webId":49,"stem":50,"number":51,"year":52,"session":26},"nurse-112-3-psychiatric-community-012","有關情緒穩定劑 carbamazepine 的敘述，下列何者正確？",12,112,{"webId":54,"stem":55,"number":56,"year":57,"session":31},"nurse-114-1-psychiatric-community-016","辛小姐診斷為強迫症，會反覆出現希望妹妹死掉的念頭，且對此感到非常焦慮。所以每當看到妹妹時，就開始在心中默念圓周率的數字以減輕焦慮。下列何項敘述最能說明辛小姐的行為？",16,114,{"webId":59,"stem":60,"number":61,"year":62,"session":10},"nurse-115-2-psychiatric-community-010","下列有關憂鬱症病因之敘述何者正確？①病人最常使用的防禦機轉為內射 ②病人的本我弱，超我強 ③病人對自我有負向看法，這是屬於認知理論 ④當憂鬱情緒好轉時，自殺的意念就會消失",10,115,"2026-09-04",1788510730653]