[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":66},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-110-2-psychiatric-community-011":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":4,"question":6,"related":35,"lastmod":65},"精神科與社區衛生護理學","psychiatric-community",{"id":7,"webId":8,"year":9,"session":10,"subject":4,"number":11,"stem":12,"options":13,"answer":18,"answerNote":19,"images":20,"explanation":21,"explanationDeep":22,"topics":23,"freq":26},"nurse-110-2-精神科與社區衛生護理學-011","nurse-110-2-psychiatric-community-011",110,2,11,"護理人員應用行為治療原則於急性病房住院精神疾病病人，下列何者最適當？",{"A":14,"B":15,"C":16,"D":17},"病人一出現不適當行為，一律立即給予懲罰","醫師與護理師分別扮黑白臉，對懲罰的態度可不同，以增強其適當的行為","出現攻擊行為後，取消禁止外出購物活動，是符合負向增強法","選擇對個案有影響的增強物，可增強適當的行為","D",null,[],"本題考點在行為治療中增強物的運用原則。依操作制約理論，增強物必須對個案具有實質意義與吸引力，才能有效增進期望行為，故選D「選擇對個案有影響的增強物」最適當。A「一出現不適當行為就立即懲罰」過度依賴懲罰，忽略正向塑造，且懲罰對建立適當行為效果有限；B醫護分別扮黑白臉、態度不一致，會造成病人混淆並破壞治療一致性，違反行為治療需一致的原則；C攻擊後「取消禁止外出」是移除了懲罰性限制，這實為負向增強不當地跟隨在攻擊行為之後，反而增強攻擊行為，概念運用錯誤。","操作制約四象限：正增強(給予喜好物增行為)、負增強(移除嫌惡刺激增行為)、正懲罰(給嫌惡減行為)、負懲罰(移除喜好減行為)。有效增強物須個別化、即時、一致。C選項在攻擊後移除限制，等於用負增強強化了攻擊，是常見陷阱。口訣「增強看個案、一致才有效」。可連結：Skinner操作制約、代幣制、行為塑造(shaping)。",[24,27,30,33],{"term":25,"count":26},"行為治療",14,{"term":28,"count":29},"正增強",7,{"term":31,"count":32},"操作制約",5,{"term":34,"count":10},"增強物",[36,40,46,50,55,60],{"webId":37,"stem":38,"number":39,"year":9,"session":10},"nurse-110-2-psychiatric-community-012","有關 Benzodiazepine（BZD）的護理指導，下列何者最適當？",12,{"webId":41,"stem":42,"number":43,"year":44,"session":45},"nurse-111-1-psychiatric-community-028","有關酒精成癮治療的敘述，下列何者錯誤？",28,111,1,{"webId":47,"stem":48,"number":49,"year":44,"session":10},"nurse-111-2-psychiatric-community-042","依據傳染病致病三角模式，若要提升宿主的抵抗力，下列敘述何者最適當？①離開醫院要洗手 ②注射疫苗 ③攝取均衡飲食 ④保持規律運動 ⑤手部噴酒精",42,{"webId":51,"stem":52,"number":53,"year":54,"session":10},"nurse-112-2-psychiatric-community-080","社區護理師教導糖尿病患者足部自我照顧的內容，下列何者最不適當？",80,112,{"webId":56,"stem":57,"number":58,"year":59,"session":45},"nurse-114-1-psychiatric-community-004","有關抗精神病藥物的敘述，下列何者正確？",4,114,{"webId":61,"stem":62,"number":63,"year":64,"session":45},"nurse-115-1-psychiatric-community-048","依據老人福利機構設立標準，有關長期照顧機構類型及照護對象，下列敘述何者最適當？",48,115,"2026-09-04",1788510730523]