[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":69},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-110-2-basic-medicine-027":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":37,"lastmod":68},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":27},"nurse-110-2-基礎醫學-027","nurse-110-2-basic-medicine-027",110,2,27,"有關體內維持酸鹼平衡的敘述，下列何者錯誤？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"腎臟近曲小管可藉由次級主動運輸分泌氫離子","重碳酸根離子與氫離子結合後分解成二氧化碳和水","醛固酮過量分泌會造成腎小管性酸中毒","降低血管收縮素Ⅱ分泌會降低氫離子分泌","D",null,[],"本題考點是腎臟參與酸鹼平衡的機轉,屬『選錯誤敘述』題,官方答案為D。A正確:近曲小管以Na⁺\u002FH⁺逆向輸送(次級主動運輸)分泌H⁺。B正確:H⁺與HCO₃⁻先結合成H₂CO₃,再經碳酸酐酶分解為CO₂與H₂O。血管收縮素Ⅱ會刺激近曲小管Na⁺\u002FH⁺交換而促進H⁺分泌,故『降低Ang Ⅱ→降低H⁺分泌』的方向其實與標準生理相符,本題卻將D判為錯誤敘述;加上選項C(醛固酮『過量』理應造成代謝性鹼中毒而非酸中毒)本身敘述也不嚴謹,本題屬設計有瑕疵之題目,故把握度標低,提醒以官方答案D作答但機轉存爭議。","腎臟調酸三主力:①近曲小管NHE3(Na⁺\u002FH⁺交換)重吸收約80–90%HCO₃⁻,受Ang Ⅱ正向刺激;②遠端腎小管與集尿管α型間細胞以H⁺-ATPase分泌H⁺,受醛固酮促進;③銨(NH₄⁺)與可滴定酸排泄。依此,醛固酮『過量』(如原發性醛固酮增多症)會促進H⁺與K⁺排出,典型結果是低血鉀合併代謝性鹼中毒——故選項C所述『造成腎小管性酸中毒』方向相反;而第4型RTA(高血鉀型酸中毒)反而見於醛固酮『不足』。本題C、D兩敘述都可質疑,是需審慎看待的爭議題,複習時重點放在正確機轉方向而非死背此題選項。",[25,28,31,33,35],{"term":26,"count":27},"碳酸酐酶",5,{"term":29,"count":30},"近曲小管Na+\u002FH+交換(NHE3)",1,{"term":32,"count":30},"血管收縮素II對H+分泌",{"term":34,"count":30},"醛固酮與代謝性鹼中毒",{"term":36,"count":30},"腎小管性酸中毒(RTA)",[38,42,47,52,57,63],{"webId":39,"stem":40,"number":41,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-110-2-basic-medicine-028","健康檢查中檢測腎功能的常用指標，下列何者正確？",28,{"webId":43,"stem":44,"number":45,"year":46,"session":30},"nurse-111-1-basic-medicine-044","下列那一項因素與波雷特氏食道（Barrett esophagus）發生腺癌（adenocarcinoma）最有關係？",44,111,{"webId":48,"stem":49,"number":50,"year":51,"session":30},"nurse-112-1-basic-medicine-008","正常情形下，卵子從卵巢排出後，通常在輸卵管的那一部分受精？",8,112,{"webId":53,"stem":54,"number":55,"year":56,"session":11},"nurse-113-2-basic-medicine-006","有關女性外生殖器（vulva）的敘述，下列何者錯誤？",6,113,{"webId":58,"stem":59,"number":60,"year":61,"session":62},"nurse-114-3-basic-medicine-010","下列何者攜帶的副交感神經支配淚腺與下頷下腺？",10,114,3,{"webId":64,"stem":65,"number":66,"year":67,"session":30},"nurse-106-1-basic-medicine-054","抗焦慮用藥 benzodiazepine 的藥理作用機轉為何？",54,106,"2026-09-04",1788510727536]