[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":65},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-110-2-basic-medicine-022":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":35,"lastmod":64},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":27},"nurse-110-2-基礎醫學-022","nurse-110-2-basic-medicine-022",110,2,22,"下列何種細胞受損對血腦障壁（blood-brain barrier）的功能影響最大？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"微膠細胞（microglia）","寡突細胞（oligodendrocytes）","星狀細胞（astrocytes）","室管膜細胞（ependymal cells）","C",null,[],"本題考點是血腦障壁的組成細胞與維持機轉。依神經組織學，血腦障壁由腦微血管內皮細胞間的緊密連接構成核心屏障，而星狀細胞（astrocytes）以其終足（end feet）包覆微血管，誘導並維持內皮緊密連接的完整性，對屏障功能影響最大，故選 C。A 微膠細胞為腦內免疫吞噬細胞。B 寡突細胞負責中樞神經髓鞘化。D 室管膜細胞襯於腦室壁。三者皆非血腦障壁的主要維持者，故選 C。","血腦障壁的結構基礎是『內皮緊密連接＋基底膜＋星狀細胞終足＋周細胞』四要素，其中星狀細胞終足幾乎完全包裹微血管，分泌訊號誘導內皮形成並維持緊密連接，是屏障選擇通透性的關鍵調控者。此障壁保護中樞免受血中毒素與病原侵擾，卻也使多數藥物難以進入腦部，成為中樞給藥的挑戰。記憶各膠細胞分工『星狀顧血腦障壁、寡突包髓鞘、微膠當免疫、室管膜襯腦室』即可清楚定位。",[25,28,30,33],{"term":26,"count":27},"血腦障壁",7,{"term":29,"count":11},"神經膠細胞分工",{"term":31,"count":32},"星狀細胞終足",1,{"term":34,"count":32},"內皮緊密連接",[36,40,45,50,54,59],{"webId":37,"stem":38,"number":39,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-110-2-basic-medicine-023","褪黑激素（melatonin）主要由腦部那一區域的腺體所分泌？",23,{"webId":41,"stem":42,"number":43,"year":44,"session":32},"nurse-111-1-basic-medicine-039","下列那一種腎臟腫瘤主要常見於 10 歲以下的小孩？",39,111,{"webId":46,"stem":47,"number":48,"year":49,"session":32},"nurse-112-1-basic-medicine-003","下列何者屬於顏面表情肌？",3,112,{"webId":51,"stem":52,"number":32,"year":53,"session":11},"nurse-113-2-basic-medicine-001","下列何者能傳遞表皮的觸覺？",113,{"webId":55,"stem":56,"number":57,"year":58,"session":48},"nurse-114-3-basic-medicine-005","下列何者不屬於淋巴器官（lymphoid organs），無法製造免疫細胞？",5,114,{"webId":60,"stem":61,"number":62,"year":63,"session":32},"nurse-106-1-basic-medicine-049","藥物的生體可用率（bioavailability）不受下列何種因素影響？",49,106,"2026-09-04",1788510727502]