[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":64},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-110-2-basic-medicine-018":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":34,"lastmod":63},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":26},"nurse-110-2-基礎醫學-018","nurse-110-2-basic-medicine-018",110,2,18,"基底核（basal nuclei）功能受損或退化的症狀，下列何者最有關？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"阿茲海默症","帕金森氏症","失語症","嗅覺喪失","B",null,[],"本題考點是基底核功能與運動障礙疾病的關聯。依神經生理，基底核（basal nuclei）經黑質多巴胺路徑調控動作的啟動與抑制，維持隨意運動的協調與平順。帕金森氏症因黑質緻密部多巴胺神經元退化，導致基底核輸出失衡，出現靜止性顫抖、僵硬與運動遲緩，與基底核退化最直接相關，故選 B。A 阿茲海默症主為大腦皮質與海馬退化致失智。C 失語症與大腦語言區有關。D 嗅覺喪失與嗅神經有關。故選 B。","基底核是錐體外系統的核心，透過直接與間接路徑平衡『促進動作 vs 抑制動作』。帕金森氏症因多巴胺不足使間接路徑過度抑制，表現為運動減少型障礙（顫抖、僵硬、動作遲緩、姿勢不穩）；反之亨丁頓舞蹈症因間接路徑退化而動作過多。記憶『黑質少巴胺→帕金森』。此類基底核疾病屬錐體外症狀，須與皮質病變（失智、失語）及腦神經病變（嗅覺喪失）區分，定位思路即以症狀對應受損部位。",[25,27,30,32],{"term":16,"count":26},6,{"term":28,"count":29},"基底核",1,{"term":31,"count":29},"黑質多巴胺路徑",{"term":33,"count":29},"錐體外系統",[35,39,44,48,53,58],{"webId":36,"stem":37,"number":38,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-110-2-basic-medicine-019","有關促進睪固酮分泌之敘述，下列何者正確？",19,{"webId":40,"stem":41,"number":42,"year":43,"session":29},"nurse-111-1-basic-medicine-035","帶狀疱疹病毒（Varicella-Zoster virus）在初次感染人體後，會潛伏在人體何種細胞中？",35,111,{"webId":45,"stem":46,"number":47,"year":43,"session":11},"nurse-111-2-basic-medicine-049","下列何種病毒不具有鞘膜（envelope）？",49,{"webId":49,"stem":50,"number":51,"year":52,"session":29},"nurse-113-1-basic-medicine-047","下列何種細菌感染所造成的腸炎，最可能引發周邊神經病變（Guillain-Barré症候群）？",47,113,{"webId":54,"stem":55,"number":29,"year":56,"session":57},"nurse-114-3-basic-medicine-001","下列胞器（organelle）何者具有雙層膜的結構？",114,3,{"webId":59,"stem":60,"number":61,"year":62,"session":29},"nurse-106-1-basic-medicine-045","下列有關梅毒（syphilis）之敘述，何者錯誤？",45,106,"2026-09-04",1788510727461]