[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":64},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-110-1-psychiatric-community-018":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":4,"question":6,"related":32,"lastmod":63},"精神科與社區衛生護理學","psychiatric-community",{"id":7,"webId":8,"year":9,"session":10,"subject":4,"number":11,"stem":12,"options":13,"answer":18,"answerNote":19,"images":20,"explanation":21,"explanationDeep":22,"topics":23,"freq":10},"nurse-110-1-精神科與社區衛生護理學-018","nurse-110-1-psychiatric-community-018",110,1,18,"王小姐被診斷為憂鬱症，她最常使用的防衛機轉，下列敘述何者正確？",{"A":14,"B":15,"C":16,"D":17},"外射（projection）","內射（introjection）","否認（denial）","合理化（rationalization）","B",null,[],"本題考點為憂鬱症最常使用的防衛機轉。考點在於辨識「內射(introjection)」為典型機轉,故選B。依精神分析理論,憂鬱者常將對失落對象(或所愛之人)的憤怒、敵意向內轉向自身,把外在客體的特質與責難內化,形成自責、自我貶抑與罪惡感,此即內射,故B正確。A外射(projection)錯在那是把自身無法接受的衝動歸諸他人,較常見於被害妄想或偏執。C否認(denial)錯在那是拒絕承認痛苦現實,非自責核心。D合理化(rationalization)錯在那是為行為找藉口減焦慮,非憂鬱主要機轉。","古典精神分析對憂鬱的解釋:失落引發對客體的矛盾情感(愛與恨),因無法對外表達敵意,遂經由內射把對象納入自我,原本指向對象的攻擊便轉為對自我的攻擊,表現為自責、罪惡與低自尊——這也呼應前題「自我價值感低」。對比記憶:內射=把外在納入內在、攻擊向內(憂鬱);外射=把內在推到外面、責任外拋(偏執妄想)。兩者方向相反,是考試最愛的對照組。合理化與否認則屬減焦慮的一般性防衛,與憂鬱的特異連結較弱。",[24,26,28,30],{"term":25,"count":10},"精神分析防衛機轉",{"term":27,"count":10},"內射introjection",{"term":29,"count":10},"攻擊向內",{"term":31,"count":10},"與外射projection對比",[33,37,42,47,52,57],{"webId":34,"stem":35,"number":36,"year":9,"session":10},"nurse-110-1-psychiatric-community-019","有關社交焦慮症（social anxiety disorders）之敘述，下列何者較適當？",19,{"webId":38,"stem":39,"number":40,"year":9,"session":41},"nurse-110-2-psychiatric-community-035","許小姐 35 歲，反覆住院的情感性精神病病人。近日剛從急性病房轉慢性病房，家屬可接受病人返家同住，只是擔心病人病情惡化，病人有工作及復健潛能。下列有關病人的出院準備何者較適當？",35,2,{"webId":43,"stem":44,"number":45,"year":46,"session":10},"nurse-111-1-psychiatric-community-049","有關結核病的敘述，下列何者錯誤？",49,111,{"webId":48,"stem":49,"number":50,"year":51,"session":41},"nurse-112-2-psychiatric-community-007","吳先生，40 歲，診斷情感思覺失調症（Schizoaffective Disorder）。護理師問他喜歡從事什麼休閒活動，吳先生回答說：「我喜歡游泳，勇於認錯，知錯能改，善莫大焉，醃肉好吃，但太鹹，我不能吃，因為我有高血壓。」吳先生有以下那一項症狀？",7,112,{"webId":53,"stem":54,"number":55,"year":56,"session":41},"nurse-113-2-psychiatric-community-031","護理師排定社區健康問題優先順序，下列何者需優先處理？",31,113,{"webId":58,"stem":59,"number":60,"year":61,"session":62},"nurse-114-3-psychiatric-community-025","有關日間留院照護，下列敘述何者最適當？",25,114,3,"2026-09-04",1788510722568]