[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":63},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-110-1-medical-surgical-013":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":4,"question":6,"related":32,"lastmod":62},"內外科護理學","medical-surgical",{"id":7,"webId":8,"year":9,"session":10,"subject":4,"number":11,"stem":12,"options":13,"answer":18,"answerNote":19,"images":20,"explanation":21,"explanationDeep":22,"topics":23,"freq":10},"nurse-110-1-內外科護理學-013","nurse-110-1-medical-surgical-013",110,1,13,"有關食道弛緩不能（Esophageal achalasia）的敘述，下列何者正確？",{"A":14,"B":15,"C":16,"D":17},"好發於食道上 1\u002F3 處","不會引發潰瘍性食道炎","晚期才會出現吞嚥困難症狀","症狀會隨著情緒壓力而加劇","D",null,[],"本題考點為食道弛緩不能(esophageal achalasia)的病理與臨床特徵。依病生理,其成因是食道下括約肌(LES)無法正常鬆弛且食道體蠕動喪失,吞嚥困難會因情緒壓力、緊張而加劇,故選 D。選項 A 錯,病灶在食道下段(下 1\u002F3)與賁門處,而非上 1\u002F3;選項 B 錯,食物長期滯留發酵刺激,可引發食道黏膜發炎甚至潰瘍性食道炎,並非不會;選項 C 錯,吞嚥困難是本病早期即出現的核心症狀,對固體與液體皆難吞(不像機械性阻塞多先固體),並非晚期才現。故僅 D 符合疾病特徵。","achalasia 三徵:吞嚥困難(固、液皆難)、食物逆流、體重減輕。鋇劑攝影呈典型『鳥嘴狀(bird's beak)』狹窄,食道測壓見 LES 壓力高且鬆弛不全。與機械性狹窄鑑別:機械性先固體後液體;achalasia 一開始固液俱難,且症狀受情緒壓力波動影響,反映其神經肌肉功能失調的本質。",[24,26,28,30],{"term":25,"count":10},"食道弛緩不能",{"term":27,"count":10},"食道下括約肌鬆弛障礙",{"term":29,"count":10},"情緒壓力加劇吞嚥困難",{"term":31,"count":10},"鳥嘴狀狹窄",[33,37,42,47,51,56],{"webId":34,"stem":35,"number":36,"year":9,"session":10},"nurse-110-1-medical-surgical-014","下列何者不是結腸癌的典型臨床表徵？",14,{"webId":38,"stem":39,"number":40,"year":9,"session":41},"nurse-110-2-medical-surgical-030","有關心電圖的敘述，下列何者錯誤？",30,2,{"webId":43,"stem":44,"number":45,"year":46,"session":10},"nurse-111-1-medical-surgical-044","有關決定膚色的黑色素細胞主要分布在下列那一層？",44,111,{"webId":48,"stem":49,"number":41,"year":50,"session":41},"nurse-112-2-medical-surgical-002","有關重症肌無力病人之藥物使用護理指導，下列敘述何者正確？",112,{"webId":52,"stem":53,"number":54,"year":55,"session":41},"nurse-113-2-medical-surgical-026","有關癌症病人使用干擾素治療之敘述，下列何者正確？",26,113,{"webId":57,"stem":58,"number":59,"year":60,"session":61},"nurse-114-3-medical-surgical-020","病人剛開始輸血 20 mL 就發生皮膚癢、蕁麻疹、哮喘，最有可能發生下列那一種輸血反應？",20,114,3,"2026-09-04",1788510720837]