[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":65},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-110-1-medical-surgical-011":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":4,"question":6,"related":33,"lastmod":64},"內外科護理學","medical-surgical",{"id":7,"webId":8,"year":9,"session":10,"subject":4,"number":11,"stem":12,"options":13,"answer":18,"answerNote":19,"images":20,"explanation":21,"explanationDeep":22,"topics":23,"freq":26},"nurse-110-1-內外科護理學-011","nurse-110-1-medical-surgical-011",110,1,11,"有關肝性腦病變之醫護處置，下列何者正確？",{"A":14,"B":15,"C":16,"D":17},"教導病人維持排便通暢","需採取高熱量高蛋白質飲食","服用鎮靜安眠藥以維持良好的睡眠狀況","使用 Lactulose 抑制細菌生長以減少產生大量的氨","A",null,[],"本題考點為肝性腦病變(hepatic encephalopathy)的醫護處置原則。依病生理,血氨升高是誘發意識障礙的關鍵,腸道細菌分解蛋白質產氨並經腸道吸收,故維持排便通暢以加速氨排出,是重要處置,選 A。選項 B 錯,急性期應『限制』蛋白質以減少產氨,而非高蛋白飲食;選項 C 錯,鎮靜安眠藥經肝代謝且抑制中樞、加重意識障礙,應避免;選項 D 錯在機轉,Lactulose 是酸化腸道、使氨轉為不易吸收的銨並促排便,而非『抑制細菌生長』,抑菌是抗生素(如 rifaximin)的角色。","降氨三招:限蛋白(減來源)、Lactulose(酸化腸道把 NH₃ 變 NH₄⁺ 隨糞排出並導瀉)、必要時 rifaximin(抑制產氨菌)。維持每日 2–3 次軟便是療效指標。鎮靜劑、便祕、腸胃道出血、感染皆為誘發因子須避免。本題陷阱在 D 把 Lactulose 的『酸化導瀉』誤寫成『抑菌』,機轉張冠李戴。",[24,27,29,31],{"term":25,"count":26},"肝性腦病變",9,{"term":28,"count":10},"血氨與排便通暢",{"term":30,"count":10},"Lactulose 酸化腸道",{"term":32,"count":10},"限制蛋白質飲食",[34,38,43,48,53,58],{"webId":35,"stem":36,"number":37,"year":9,"session":10},"nurse-110-1-medical-surgical-012","有關口腔癌的敘述，下列何者正確？",12,{"webId":39,"stem":40,"number":41,"year":9,"session":42},"nurse-110-2-medical-surgical-028","有關心肌梗塞病人的護理，下列敘述何者錯誤？",28,2,{"webId":44,"stem":45,"number":46,"year":47,"session":10},"nurse-111-1-medical-surgical-042","有關乳癌症狀與疾病分期之敘述，下列何者正確？",42,111,{"webId":49,"stem":50,"number":51,"year":52,"session":10},"nurse-112-1-medical-surgical-080","有關登革熱病人的隔離防護措施，下列何者正確？",80,112,{"webId":54,"stem":55,"number":56,"year":57,"session":42},"nurse-113-2-medical-surgical-024","陳小弟，15 歲，剛被診斷為急性白血病，醫師給予強度較強的化學治療，有關急性白血病治療完全緩解的標準，下列何者錯誤？①骨髓內芽細胞（blast cell）＜5% ②周邊血液有芽細胞 ③無器官浸潤 ④造血細胞接近正常值",24,113,{"webId":59,"stem":60,"number":61,"year":62,"session":63},"nurse-114-3-medical-surgical-018","病人因身體多處不明原因出血進行骨髓抽吸檢查，下列敘述何者最適當？①檢查目的在了解骨髓組織、造血組織是否正常 ②可診斷是否為白血病 ③大多由脛骨進行抽取 ④大多需全身麻醉進行",18,114,3,"2026-09-04",1788510720818]