[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":67},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-110-1-basic-medicine-059":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":37,"lastmod":66},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":27},"nurse-110-1-基礎醫學-059","nurse-110-1-basic-medicine-059",110,1,59,"Nitroglycerin（NTG）經由舌下或經皮膚（貼劑）給藥的目的為何？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"以利併用其他擴增冠狀動脈循環用藥","減少低血壓之副作用","避開肝臟代謝之首渡效應","減少反射性心搏過速之副作用","C",null,[],"本題考點是硝化甘油舌下與經皮給藥的藥動學理由。依藥物動力學,nitroglycerin 若口服會在通過肝臟時被大量代謝(首渡效應)而幾乎失效;改由舌下含服或經皮貼片吸收,藥物直接進入全身循環,可避開肝臟首渡效應而迅速發揮擴張血管作用,故選 C。考點在於認得給藥途徑的目的:A 併用其他冠狀動脈用藥並非改用此途徑的理由;B 低血壓其實是硝化甘油本身的副作用而非因途徑減少;D 反射性心搏過速也是其藥效衍生反應,與避開首渡無關,故三者皆非。","凡首渡效應大的藥,改走舌下、經皮、直腸或注射即可繞過肝臟,提升生體可用率,硝化甘油是最經典的例子。舌下含服起效快(數分鐘)適合急性心絞痛;貼片則穩定釋放用於預防,但須留意每日空窗以避免耐受性產生。記憶法:看到「舌下\u002F貼片 + 硝化甘油」,答案先鎖定避開肝臟首渡效應。",[25,28,31,33,35],{"term":26,"count":27},"生體可用率",3,{"term":29,"count":30},"首渡效應",2,{"term":32,"count":11},"nitroglycerin",{"term":34,"count":11},"舌下給藥",{"term":36,"count":11},"經皮吸收",[38,42,46,51,56,61],{"webId":39,"stem":40,"number":41,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-110-1-basic-medicine-060","下列何種藥物是經由抑制多巴胺受體（dopamine receptor）而產生止吐作用，可用以治療化療藥物所造成之噁心嘔吐？",60,{"webId":43,"stem":44,"number":45,"year":10,"session":30},"nurse-110-2-basic-medicine-076","關於新型隱球菌（Cryptococcus neoformans）的敘述，下列何者錯誤？",76,{"webId":47,"stem":48,"number":49,"year":50,"session":30},"nurse-111-2-basic-medicine-010","有關舌乳頭之敘述，下列何者正確？",10,111,{"webId":52,"stem":53,"number":54,"year":55,"session":11},"nurse-113-1-basic-medicine-008","在沒有抗利尿激素（antidiuretic hormone）介入的情況下，下列何處對鈉離子的再吸收（reabsorption）最多？",8,113,{"webId":57,"stem":58,"number":59,"year":60,"session":30},"nurse-114-2-basic-medicine-012","鈣離子活化平滑肌細胞橫橋（cross-bridge）反應，下列何者為其主要作用？",12,114,{"webId":62,"stem":63,"number":64,"year":65,"session":11},"nurse-106-1-basic-medicine-006","行走於前臂的內側，並與上臂深層的靜脈會合成腋靜脈的是那一條血管？",6,106,"2026-09-04",1788510719646]