[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":68},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-110-1-basic-medicine-045":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":37,"lastmod":67},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":27},"nurse-110-1-基礎醫學-045","nurse-110-1-basic-medicine-045",110,1,45,"病人突然發生呼吸短促、呼吸困難。顯微鏡下可見支氣管壁的平滑肌肥大，黏膜下腺體增生，伴有炎症反應，特別是嗜酸性白血球（eosinophils）增多。上列敘述最可能是那一種病症的組織反應？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"急性肺炎","支氣管擴大症","肺氣腫","過敏性氣喘","D",null,[],"本題考點是氣喘的特徵性組織病理。依過敏性氣喘的病生理,第一型過敏反應使支氣管慢性發炎,長期造成平滑肌肥大、黏膜下腺體增生,並以嗜酸性白血球浸潤為標記,加上突發性呼吸短促與呼吸困難,整組表現直指過敏性氣喘,故選 D。考點在於用組織反應辨病:A 急性肺炎以肺泡內嗜中性球與滲出液為主;B 支氣管擴大症是支氣管壁破壞永久擴張並反覆化膿;C 肺氣腫是肺泡壁破壞、氣腔擴大,三者皆缺乏嗜酸性球主導的氣道發炎特徵。","氣喘的病理三聯:平滑肌肥厚痙攣、黏液腺增生分泌過多、嗜酸性球為主的發炎浸潤,痰中可見 Curschmann 螺旋體與 Charcot-Leyden 結晶。機轉上 IgE 使肥大細胞去顆粒釋放組織胺與白三烯,造成支氣管收縮。記憶法:嗜酸性球 + 可逆性氣道阻塞 = 氣喘;嗜中性球 + 肺泡滲出 = 細菌性肺炎,兩者發炎細胞不同是鑑別關鍵。",[25,28,31,33,35],{"term":26,"count":27},"第一型過敏反應",12,{"term":29,"count":30},"IgE",8,{"term":18,"count":32},2,{"term":34,"count":32},"嗜酸性白血球",{"term":36,"count":11},"支氣管平滑肌肥大",[38,42,46,51,57,62],{"webId":39,"stem":40,"number":41,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-110-1-basic-medicine-046","克林氏潰瘍（Curling ulcer）最容易發生在那種病人身上？",46,{"webId":43,"stem":44,"number":45,"year":10,"session":32},"nurse-110-2-basic-medicine-062","有關體重控制藥物 Lorcaserin 的敘述，下列何者錯誤？",62,{"webId":47,"stem":48,"number":49,"year":50,"session":11},"nurse-111-1-basic-medicine-076","下列關於黴漿菌（Mycoplasma）的敘述，何者錯誤？",76,111,{"webId":52,"stem":53,"number":54,"year":55,"session":56},"nurse-112-3-basic-medicine-044","下列何者並非葡萄球菌腸毒素引起的食物中毒之特徵？",44,112,3,{"webId":58,"stem":59,"number":60,"year":61,"session":11},"nurse-114-1-basic-medicine-048","有關腺病毒（adenovirus）的敘述，下列何者錯誤？",48,114,{"webId":63,"stem":64,"number":65,"year":66,"session":32},"nurse-115-2-basic-medicine-042","下列有關抗體的敘述何者錯誤？",42,115,"2026-09-04",1788510719522]