[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":68},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-109-2-medical-surgical-077":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":4,"question":6,"related":38,"lastmod":67},"內外科護理學","medical-surgical",{"id":7,"webId":8,"year":9,"session":10,"subject":4,"number":11,"stem":12,"options":13,"answer":18,"answerNote":19,"images":20,"explanation":21,"explanationDeep":22,"topics":23,"freq":26},"nurse-109-2-內外科護理學-077","nurse-109-2-medical-surgical-077",109,2,77,"有關敗血症生理病理機轉之敘述，下列何者正確？",{"A":14,"B":15,"C":16,"D":17},"細菌感染引發腫瘤壞死因子活化產生微小血栓","敗血症會造成循環血量大量流失","敗血症休克時，可能引發尿量增加","敗血症休克時，因心臟受刺激出現血壓上升","A",null,[],"本題考點是敗血症的病生理機轉。細菌感染釋放內毒素會活化腫瘤壞死因子（TNF）等發炎介質，啟動凝血級聯而在微血管形成微小血栓，可進展為瀰漫性血管內凝血，故選項A正確。選項B錯在敗血性休克屬「分佈性休克」，血量並非流失而是因全身血管擴張致有效循環量重新分佈；選項C錯在休克灌流不足時尿量「減少」而非增加；選項D錯在敗血性休克因血管大量擴張、周邊阻力下降使血壓「下降」，並非上升。故正解為A。","敗血症本質是失控的全身性發炎反應：病原相關分子刺激巨噬細胞釋放TNF-α、IL-1、IL-6等細胞激素，引發血管擴張、通透性上升、凝血活化與微血栓，導致組織灌流不足與多重器官衰竭。休克四型對比記憶：低血容性（失血失液）、心因性（幫浦衰竭）、阻塞性（如心包填塞、肺栓塞）、分佈性（敗血、過敏、神經性—血管擴張）。敗血屬分佈性，特徵是暖休克早期（皮膚溫、脈壓寬）轉冷休克晚期，血壓低、尿少、乳酸上升。及早辨識與抗生素、靜脈點滴復甦、升壓劑是照護重點。",[24,27,30,33,35],{"term":25,"count":26},"敗血症",7,{"term":28,"count":29},"分佈性休克",4,{"term":31,"count":32},"瀰漫性血管內凝血",3,{"term":34,"count":10},"腫瘤壞死因子",{"term":36,"count":37},"微小血栓",1,[39,43,48,53,58,63],{"webId":40,"stem":41,"number":42,"year":9,"session":10},"nurse-109-2-medical-surgical-078","下列何種情況之病人不適合接受低張靜脈溶液輸注？",78,{"webId":44,"stem":45,"number":46,"year":47,"session":10},"nurse-110-2-medical-surgical-014","有關胃潰瘍的敘述，下列何者正確？①右上腹疼痛 ②常見噁心嘔吐 ③進食後 2～3 小時、半夜、空腹時發生疼痛 ④胃酸分泌正常",14,110,{"webId":49,"stem":50,"number":51,"year":52,"session":37},"nurse-111-1-medical-surgical-028","有關心絞痛病人接受股動脈經皮穿腔冠狀動脈血管成形術（PTCA）之術後護理，下列何者錯誤？",28,111,{"webId":54,"stem":55,"number":56,"year":57,"session":37},"nurse-112-1-medical-surgical-066","吳先生，85 歲，因全身水腫，呼吸喘至急診求治，診斷為急性腎衰竭，下列敘述何者正確？",66,112,{"webId":59,"stem":60,"number":61,"year":62,"session":10},"nurse-113-2-medical-surgical-010","預防全胃切除病人發生惡性貧血，可補充下列何種維生素？",10,113,{"webId":64,"stem":65,"number":29,"year":66,"session":32},"nurse-114-3-medical-surgical-004","有關腦中風的危險因子，下列敘述何者錯誤？",114,"2026-09-04",1788510717014]