[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":69},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-109-2-medical-surgical-072":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":4,"question":6,"related":38,"lastmod":68},"內外科護理學","medical-surgical",{"id":7,"webId":8,"year":9,"session":10,"subject":4,"number":11,"stem":12,"options":13,"answer":18,"answerNote":19,"images":20,"explanation":21,"explanationDeep":22,"topics":23,"freq":26},"nurse-109-2-內外科護理學-072","nurse-109-2-medical-surgical-072",109,2,72,"有關糖尿病的敘述，下列何者正確？",{"A":14,"B":15,"C":16,"D":17},"第一型糖尿病病人體內會出現胰島細胞抗體（islet cell antibody；ICA）","第一型糖尿病病人仍保有分泌胰島素能力，只是不足以供應身體所需","第二型糖尿病易發生酮酸血症的急性合併症","第二型糖尿病多發生於成年期，需終身依賴胰島素治療","A",null,[],"本題考點是第一型與第二型糖尿病的病理區別。第一型糖尿病屬自體免疫破壞胰島β細胞，病人體內可測得胰島細胞抗體（ICA），故選項A正確。選項B錯在第一型β細胞幾近完全破壞、幾乎無法分泌胰島素，「仍保有分泌能力只是不足」描述的是第二型；選項C錯在酮酸血症（DKA）好發於第一型，第二型因仍有基礎胰島素多以高血糖高滲透壓狀態（HHS）表現；選項D錯在第二型多見於成年，可先以飲食、運動及口服降血糖藥控制，並非一律終身依賴胰島素。故正解為A。","兩型的分水嶺是『胰島素有沒有』與『成因』。第一型—自體免疫（ICA、GAD抗體）攻擊β細胞，絕對缺乏胰島素，需終身注射，酮體易生成故好發DKA，多見於兒童青少年。第二型—胰島素阻抗加相對分泌不足，與肥胖、代謝症候群相關，早期可靠口服藥，急性代償失調偏向HHS。記憶口訣：第一型『沒得分泌、會酮酸、要打針』；第二型『分泌不夠加不聽話、易高滲透壓、可吃藥』。抗體檢驗（ICA、anti-GAD、IA-2）是臨床鑑別依據，也解釋為何第一型可視為器官特異性自體免疫疾病。",[24,27,30,33,36],{"term":25,"count":26},"糖尿病酮酸中毒",8,{"term":28,"count":29},"自體免疫",4,{"term":31,"count":32},"第二型糖尿病",3,{"term":34,"count":35},"第一型糖尿病",1,{"term":37,"count":35},"胰島細胞抗體",[39,43,48,53,58,63],{"webId":40,"stem":41,"number":42,"year":9,"session":10},"nurse-109-2-medical-surgical-073","下列何者為高血糖高滲透壓狀態（HHS）病人出現脫水的最常見原因？",73,{"webId":44,"stem":45,"number":46,"year":47,"session":10},"nurse-110-2-medical-surgical-009","下列何項指標可以用在術前診斷大腸癌及術後追蹤癌症是否復發？",9,110,{"webId":49,"stem":50,"number":51,"year":52,"session":35},"nurse-111-1-medical-surgical-023","有關中耳炎手術病人之術後護理指導，下列何者錯誤？",23,111,{"webId":54,"stem":55,"number":56,"year":57,"session":35},"nurse-112-1-medical-surgical-061","有關壓力性尿失禁之敘述，下列何者錯誤？",61,112,{"webId":59,"stem":60,"number":61,"year":62,"session":10},"nurse-113-2-medical-surgical-005","20 歲男性，清晨騎乘重機外出不小心與大卡車擦撞滑倒顳側先著地，送醫時 GCS E4V5M6，為安全起見留院觀察，2 小時後病人突然喪失意識，診斷為硬膜上出血，下列敘述何者錯誤？",5,113,{"webId":64,"stem":65,"number":66,"year":67,"session":10},"nurse-114-2-medical-surgical-049","有關成人高品質胸部按壓的敘述，下列何者正確？",49,114,"2026-09-04",1788510716963]