[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":66},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-109-2-medical-surgical-066":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":4,"question":6,"related":35,"lastmod":65},"內外科護理學","medical-surgical",{"id":7,"webId":8,"year":9,"session":10,"subject":4,"number":11,"stem":12,"options":13,"answer":18,"answerNote":19,"images":20,"explanation":21,"explanationDeep":22,"topics":23,"freq":10},"nurse-109-2-內外科護理學-066","nurse-109-2-medical-surgical-066",109,2,66,"有關腎臟所製造荷爾蒙的生理功能，下列何者正確？",{"A":14,"B":15,"C":16,"D":17},"前列腺素（prostagalndins）有抑制抗利尿荷爾蒙（ADH）的作用","抗利尿荷爾蒙（ADH）可增加遠曲小管及集尿管的水分再吸收","活化維生素 D 可抑制腸道對鈣的吸收及加速鈣的排除","腎素（rennin）在血壓上升時會刺激分泌以加速水分排除","A",null,[],"本題考點是腎臟相關荷爾蒙的生理作用。腎臟合成的前列腺素（prostaglandins，主要為PGE₂）具舒張腎血管、拮抗抗利尿荷爾蒙（ADH）促進水分排除的作用，故選項A正確。選項C錯在活化型維生素D是「促進」腸道對鈣的吸收而非抑制；選項D錯在腎素（renin）於血壓「下降」時分泌，經腎素-血管收縮素-醛固酮系統使血壓上升並保留水鈉，而非加速排水。選項B所述ADH增加水分再吸收方向雖對，但ADH主要作用部位在集尿管，遠曲小管對水通透性低，敘述將遠曲小管一併納入不夠精確，故本題以A為標準答案。","腎臟不只是排泄器官，也是內分泌器官：分泌腎素（啟動RAAS調血壓）、紅血球生成素（刺激骨髓造血）、活化維生素D（1-α羥化酶把25-OH-D轉為1,25-(OH)₂-D促鈣吸收），並合成前列腺素調節腎血流。記憶重點：PGE₂在腎缺血時擴張入球小動脈保護GFR，這也是為何NSAIDs抑制前列腺素合成會傷腎。ADH（血管加壓素）走aquaporin-2讓集尿管重吸收水，缺乏即尿崩症。本題屬概念稍細、選項間需精確比對的題型，遇模糊敘述宜回到「主要作用部位」判斷。",[24,26,29,31,33],{"term":25,"count":10},"腎素-血管收縮素-醛固酮系統",{"term":27,"count":28},"前列腺素",1,{"term":30,"count":28},"抗利尿荷爾蒙",{"term":32,"count":28},"活化維生素D",{"term":34,"count":28},"腎臟內分泌功能",[36,40,45,50,55,60],{"webId":37,"stem":38,"number":39,"year":9,"session":10},"nurse-109-2-medical-surgical-067","關於持續可攜帶式腹膜透析（CAPD）與血液透析（HD）治療的比較，下列何者正確？",67,{"webId":41,"stem":42,"number":43,"year":44,"session":10},"nurse-110-2-medical-surgical-003","腦下垂體腫瘤（pituitary tumor）病人出現雙顳側視野及視力變差，下列何者為其腫瘤壓迫部位？",3,110,{"webId":46,"stem":47,"number":48,"year":49,"session":28},"nurse-111-1-medical-surgical-017","有關心口灼熱（Heart Burn）的敘述，下列何者錯誤？",17,111,{"webId":51,"stem":52,"number":53,"year":54,"session":28},"nurse-112-1-medical-surgical-055","張先生患有多重抗藥性結核病（MDR-TB），表示其對何種藥物產生抗藥性？①Ethambutol ②Isoniazid ③Pyrazinamide ④Rifampin",55,112,{"webId":56,"stem":57,"number":58,"year":59,"session":28},"nurse-113-1-medical-surgical-049","有關自動體外電擊去顫器（AED）操作，下列敘述何者錯誤？",49,113,{"webId":61,"stem":62,"number":63,"year":64,"session":10},"nurse-114-2-medical-surgical-043","陳太太，58 歲，近期被診斷罹患阿茲海默症，目前出現情緒不穩、易怒，上街買東西會忘了付錢，常常忘記梳洗就直接上床睡覺，也經常懷疑兒子在家偷錢，根據狀況，目前其處在阿茲海默症那一期？",43,114,"2026-09-04",1788510716911]