[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":65},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-109-2-medical-surgical-003":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":4,"question":6,"related":35,"lastmod":64},"內外科護理學","medical-surgical",{"id":7,"webId":8,"year":9,"session":10,"subject":4,"number":11,"stem":12,"options":13,"answer":18,"answerNote":19,"images":20,"explanation":21,"explanationDeep":22,"topics":23,"freq":26},"nurse-109-2-內外科護理學-003","nurse-109-2-medical-surgical-003",109,2,3,"有關慢性硬膜下出血（chronic subdural hematoma；chronic SDH）之敘述，下列何者正確？",{"A":14,"B":15,"C":16,"D":17},"此種出血所形成血腫多為靜脈出血","病人會出現巴特爾氏徵象（Battle’s sign）","病人會出現鼻漏或耳漏","病人會出現庫欣氏三病徵（Cushing triad）","A",null,[],"本題考點在於區分慢性硬膜下出血與其他頭部外傷的出血來源與臨床徵象。慢性硬膜下出血源自橋靜脈（bridging veins）緩慢滲血，屬低壓的靜脈性出血，故血腫累積緩慢、症狀在數週後才漸顯，選 A。B 巴特爾氏徵象（耳後瘀斑）與 C 鼻漏或耳漏（CSF 滲漏），皆是顱底骨折的表現，不屬硬膜下出血。D 庫欣氏三病徵（血壓升高、心跳變慢、呼吸不規則）反映急性顱內壓急遽上升，多見於急性硬膜上或大量急性出血，而慢性硬膜下出血因代償空間充足、進展慢，通常不會出現此三病徵。故僅 A 正確描述其靜脈出血本質。","橋靜脈連接大腦皮質與硬腦膜靜脈竇，老年人與酗酒者因腦萎縮使橋靜脈被拉長、更易在輕微外傷下撕裂，形成慢性硬膜下出血；這也解釋為何常「想不起明確撞擊史」。對比記憶：硬膜上出血＝中腦膜「動脈」＝快、清醒期短、CT 呈凸透鏡（lenticular）；硬膜下出血＝橋「靜脈」＝慢、CT 呈新月形（crescent）。顱底骨折三聯想：Battle's sign、浣熊眼（raccoon eyes）、腦脊髓液漏（鼻漏\u002F耳漏）。庫欣三病徵＝顱內壓急升的代償反應，屬急症訊號。",[24,27,29,31,33],{"term":25,"count":26},"顱底骨折",4,{"term":28,"count":26},"顱內壓",{"term":30,"count":11},"慢性硬膜下出血",{"term":32,"count":10},"橋靜脈",{"term":34,"count":10},"庫欣氏三病徵",[36,39,45,49,54,59],{"webId":37,"stem":38,"number":26,"year":9,"session":10},"nurse-109-2-medical-surgical-004","有關顱內腫瘤壓迫對視覺的影響，下列何者錯誤？",{"webId":40,"stem":41,"number":42,"year":43,"session":44},"nurse-110-1-medical-surgical-020","下列何者為骨髓炎病人的常見用藥？",20,110,1,{"webId":46,"stem":47,"number":48,"year":43,"session":10},"nurse-110-2-medical-surgical-034","有關心包膜積水的主要症狀，下列何者錯誤？",34,{"webId":50,"stem":51,"number":52,"year":53,"session":10},"nurse-111-2-medical-surgical-072","有關高滲透壓高血糖狀態（HHS）的敘述，下列何者正確？",72,111,{"webId":55,"stem":56,"number":57,"year":58,"session":11},"nurse-112-3-medical-surgical-036","有關執行氣切造口術病人抽痰的敘述，下列何者不適當？",36,112,{"webId":60,"stem":61,"number":62,"year":63,"session":44},"nurse-114-1-medical-surgical-030","有關後天免疫缺乏症候群（AIDS）臨床表徵之敘述，下列何者錯誤？",30,114,"2026-09-04",1788510716269]