[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":66},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-109-2-basic-medicine-072":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":34,"lastmod":65},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":11},"nurse-109-2-基礎醫學-072","nurse-109-2-basic-medicine-072",109,2,72,"下列何者具有過濾血液中病原體以及清除衰老的血球細胞和血小板的功能？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"扁桃腺（tonsils）","盲腸（appendix）","脾臟（spleen）","培氏斑（Peyer’s patches）","C",null,[],"本題考點在於淋巴器官的過濾與血球清除功能。考點在於脾臟的紅髓功能:脾臟的紅髓負責過濾血液中的病原體,並由巨噬細胞清除衰老或受損的紅血球、血小板,兼具免疫監視與血液品管功能,故選C。A的扁桃腺位於咽部,防禦經口鼻進入的病原,屬黏膜相關淋巴組織,非過濾血液。B的盲腸(闌尾)富含淋巴組織,與腸道菌群相關,不清除血球。D的培氏斑位於小腸黏膜,監視腸腔抗原,同屬黏膜淋巴組織。三者皆為黏膜免疫組織、不過濾循環血液,唯脾臟直接過濾血流並清除老化血球,為正解。","脾臟分白髓(免疫,淋巴球對血源抗原反應)與紅髓(過濾,巨噬細胞吞噬老化紅血球、回收鐵、清除血小板)。故脾臟切除後易見Howell-Jolly小體(未清除的核殘餘)並增加莢膜菌感染風險。扁桃腺、培氏斑、闌尾屬黏膜相關淋巴組織(MALT),守在黏膜門戶。記憶「脾=血液濾網與血球回收廠」。可連結脾功能、脾切除後感染風險與MALT複習。",[25,27,30,32],{"term":26,"count":11},"脾臟",{"term":28,"count":29},"紅髓過濾功能",1,{"term":31,"count":29},"衰老血球清除",{"term":33,"count":29},"黏膜相關淋巴組織",[35,39,44,49,54,60],{"webId":36,"stem":37,"number":38,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-109-2-basic-medicine-073","關於幽門螺旋桿菌（Helicobacter pylori）的敘述，下列何者錯誤？",73,{"webId":40,"stem":41,"number":42,"year":43,"session":11},"nurse-110-2-basic-medicine-009","下列何者不是皮膚表皮（epidermis）的細胞層？",9,110,{"webId":45,"stem":46,"number":47,"year":48,"session":29},"nurse-111-1-basic-medicine-023","下列由內皮細胞分泌的因子中，何者不會使血管舒張？",23,111,{"webId":50,"stem":51,"number":52,"year":53,"session":11},"nurse-112-2-basic-medicine-041","下列敘述何者錯誤？",41,112,{"webId":55,"stem":56,"number":57,"year":58,"session":59},"nurse-113-3-basic-medicine-045","法蘭西氏土倫桿菌（Francisella tularensis）可以在巨噬細胞內存活一段時間的主要原因為何？",45,113,3,{"webId":61,"stem":62,"number":63,"year":64,"session":29},"nurse-115-1-basic-medicine-039","有關影響內分泌藥物的敘述，下列何者錯誤？",39,115,"2026-09-04",1788510715371]