[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":64},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-109-2-basic-medicine-066":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":34,"lastmod":63},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":26},"nurse-109-2-基礎醫學-066","nurse-109-2-basic-medicine-066",109,2,66,"下列何者是神經毒素？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"霍亂毒素","紅斑毒素","肉毒桿菌毒素","百日咳毒素","C",null,[],"本題考點在於細菌外毒素的作用標的分類。考點在於神經毒素的定義:肉毒桿菌毒素作用於運動神經末梢,阻斷乙醯膽鹼的釋放,造成弛緩性麻痺,屬典型的神經毒素,故選C。A的霍亂毒素活化腺苷酸環化酶、使腸道大量分泌水分導致水瀉,屬腸毒素。B的紅斑毒素由化膿性鏈球菌產生,造成猩紅熱皮疹,屬致熱外毒素而非神經毒。D的百日咳毒素干擾G蛋白訊息傳遞,影響呼吸道,非作用於神經傳導的神經毒素。三者皆非神經毒素,唯肉毒桿菌毒素阻斷神經肌肉傳遞,為正解。","外毒素依標的分類:神經毒素(肉毒毒素阻ACh釋放→弛緩麻痺;破傷風毒素阻抑制性神經傳遞→僵直痙攣)、腸毒素(霍亂毒素、大腸桿菌LT升cAMP→分泌性腹瀉)、致熱\u002F超抗原(紅斑毒素、TSST-1)。肉毒與破傷風常對比:一鬆一緊。臨床上肉毒毒素也作醫美與肌張力不全治療。可連結神經肌肉接合、破傷風vs肉毒毒素機轉複習。",[25,27,30,32],{"term":17,"count":26},3,{"term":28,"count":29},"神經毒素",1,{"term":31,"count":29},"乙醯膽鹼釋放阻斷",{"term":33,"count":29},"外毒素分類",[35,39,43,48,53,58],{"webId":36,"stem":37,"number":38,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-109-2-basic-medicine-067","臨床上以免疫學方法快速診斷隱球菌（Cryptococcus neoformans）引起之感染，通常是直接偵測下列何者？",67,{"webId":40,"stem":41,"number":26,"year":42,"session":11},"nurse-110-2-basic-medicine-003","下列何者藉由跟腱（Achilles tendon）附著於跟骨？",110,{"webId":44,"stem":45,"number":46,"year":47,"session":29},"nurse-111-1-basic-medicine-017","碳水化合物（carbohydrate）的碳、氫、氧原子數目的比率是：",17,111,{"webId":49,"stem":50,"number":51,"year":52,"session":11},"nurse-112-2-basic-medicine-035","下列抗組織胺藥物中，何者可用於改善蕁麻疹（Urticaria）症狀，亦常用於預防暈車暈船？",35,112,{"webId":54,"stem":55,"number":56,"year":57,"session":26},"nurse-113-3-basic-medicine-039","下列抗癌藥物中，何者不屬於烷基化藥物（alkylating agents）？",39,113,{"webId":59,"stem":60,"number":61,"year":62,"session":29},"nurse-115-1-basic-medicine-033","藥物動力學（pharmacokinetics）探究藥物的範疇，不包括下列那一項？",33,115,"2026-09-04",1788510715325]