[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":65},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-109-2-basic-medicine-054":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":33,"lastmod":64},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":11},"nurse-109-2-基礎醫學-054","nurse-109-2-basic-medicine-054",109,2,54,"下列何種擬交感神經作用劑（sympathomimetics）可散瞳，用於眼底檢查？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"Phenylephrine","Clonidine","Albuterol","Fenoldopam","A",null,[],"本題考點在於擬交感神經作用劑的受體選擇性與散瞳應用。考點在於α1受體對虹膜的作用:Phenylephrine是選擇性α1受體致效劑,活化虹膜放射狀肌使瞳孔散大,可用於眼底檢查散瞳,故選A。B的Clonidine是中樞α2致效劑,用於降血壓。C的Albuterol是β2致效劑,用於支氣管擴張治療氣喘。D的Fenoldopam是多巴胺D1致效劑,用於高血壓急症。三者受體與作用皆不涉及散瞳,唯Phenylephrine藉α1收縮虹膜放射狀肌達散瞳,為正解。","瞳孔調控:交感α1收縮虹膜放射狀肌→散瞳(mydriasis);副交感M3收縮環狀括約肌→縮瞳(miosis)。故散瞳可用α1致效劑(phenylephrine)或抗膽鹼劑(tropicamide、atropine)。對照記憶受體:α2=clonidine降壓、β2=albuterol擴張支氣管、D1=fenoldopam降壓。Phenylephrine亦用作鼻黏膜血管收縮劑。可連結自主神經受體分布、散瞳\u002F縮瞳藥理複習。",[25,27,30,31],{"term":26,"count":11},"散瞳",{"term":28,"count":29},"α1腎上腺素受體",1,{"term":15,"count":29},{"term":32,"count":29},"虹膜放射狀肌",[34,38,43,48,53,59],{"webId":35,"stem":36,"number":37,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-109-2-basic-medicine-055","下列何種抗癲癇藥物也可用於治療帶狀疱疹後神經痛？",55,{"webId":39,"stem":40,"number":41,"year":42,"session":29},"nurse-110-1-basic-medicine-071","下列何種病毒主要由齧齒類動物為媒介傳播至人？",71,110,{"webId":44,"stem":45,"number":46,"year":47,"session":29},"nurse-111-1-basic-medicine-005","有關前列腺的敘述，下列何者錯誤？",5,111,{"webId":49,"stem":50,"number":51,"year":52,"session":11},"nurse-112-2-basic-medicine-023","粥狀硬化（Atherosclerosis）引起的動脈瘤最常發生於何處？",23,112,{"webId":54,"stem":55,"number":56,"year":57,"session":58},"nurse-113-3-basic-medicine-027","肝硬化（cirrhosis）會造成腹水（ascites）是和下列何種原因有關？",27,113,3,{"webId":60,"stem":61,"number":62,"year":63,"session":29},"nurse-115-1-basic-medicine-021","有關血管受傷後的止血作用之敘述，下列何者錯誤？",21,115,"2026-09-04",1788510715228]