[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":65},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-109-2-basic-medicine-053":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":34,"lastmod":64},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":27},"nurse-109-2-基礎醫學-053","nurse-109-2-basic-medicine-053",109,2,53,"下列何種給藥途徑的生體可用率（bioavailability）最佳？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"口服","皮下注射","舌下給藥","靜脈注射","D",null,[],"本題考點在於生體可用率(bioavailability)的定義與給藥途徑的比較。考點在於首渡效應與吸收完整度:生體可用率指藥物進入全身循環的比例,靜脈注射直接把藥送入血液,完全跳過吸收與肝臟首渡代謝,生體可用率定義為100%,故選D。A的口服須經腸道吸收再經肝門靜脈首渡代謝,生體可用率通常最低。B的皮下注射雖不經腸道,但吸收速率受局部血流限制,未必完全。C的舌下給藥雖能繞過首渡、吸收快,但吸收面積有限,總量仍不及靜脈。三者皆低於靜脈,唯靜脈注射為100%參考標準,為正解。","生體可用率F=進入全身循環藥量\u002F給藥總量,靜脈給藥F=1為基準。口服F受吸收率與首渡代謝雙重折損,故常最低;舌下與直腸部分繞過首渡故較口服高。首渡效應指藥物經腸壁與肝臟代謝後才進循環,是硝化甘油採舌下給藥的原因。記憶「IV=100%的黃金標準」。可連結首渡效應、藥物動力學參數(F、Vd、clearance)複習。",[25,28,30,32],{"term":26,"count":27},"生體可用率",3,{"term":29,"count":11},"首渡效應",{"term":18,"count":31},1,{"term":33,"count":31},"給藥途徑",[35,39,44,49,54,59],{"webId":36,"stem":37,"number":38,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-109-2-basic-medicine-054","下列何種擬交感神經作用劑（sympathomimetics）可散瞳，用於眼底檢查？",54,{"webId":40,"stem":41,"number":42,"year":43,"session":31},"nurse-110-1-basic-medicine-070","下列何者是致死率極高，目前世界衛生組織宣布已經被人類消滅之 DNA 病毒？",70,110,{"webId":45,"stem":46,"number":47,"year":48,"session":31},"nurse-111-1-basic-medicine-004","肺臟內進行氣體交換的呼吸膜（respiratory membrane）構造，主要是由那兩種細胞與結締組織共同構成？",4,111,{"webId":50,"stem":51,"number":52,"year":53,"session":11},"nurse-112-2-basic-medicine-022","多發性骨髓瘤（Multiple Myeloma）引起的類澱粉沉積症（Amyloidosis），下列何者為類澱粉來源的蛋白質前趨物質？",22,112,{"webId":55,"stem":56,"number":57,"year":58,"session":27},"nurse-113-3-basic-medicine-026","血液中何種白血球增多與過敏性疾病（allergic diseases）最相關？",26,113,{"webId":60,"stem":61,"number":62,"year":63,"session":31},"nurse-115-1-basic-medicine-020","下列那兩種神經膠細胞（glia cells）會形成髓鞘（myelin sheath）？",20,115,"2026-09-04",1788510715218]