[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":65},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-109-2-basic-medicine-051":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":34,"lastmod":64},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":27},"nurse-109-2-基礎醫學-051","nurse-109-2-basic-medicine-051",109,2,51,"口服降血糖藥物首選雙胍（biguanides）類用藥，下列何者為最常見的副作用？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"低血糖","腸胃不適","體重增加","心臟毒性","B",null,[],"本題考點在於雙胍類(biguanides,代表為metformin)的常見副作用。考點在於其藥理與腸胃道刺激:metformin降低肝臟糖質新生並增加周邊胰島素敏感性,不刺激胰島素分泌,最常見的副作用是腸胃不適如噁心、腹瀉、金屬味,故選B。A的低血糖罕見,因其不促胰島素分泌,單用甚少造成低血糖。C的體重增加不符,metformin反而偏向體重中性或略減,是其優點。D的心臟毒性並非其特徵;真正嚴重但罕見的是乳酸中毒,尤其腎功能不良者。三者皆非最常見副作用,唯腸胃不適為正解。","metformin是第二型糖尿病首選,機轉涉及活化AMPK、抑制肝糖新生。副作用光譜:腸胃道最常見(可用緩釋劑或隨餐服緩解);嚴重但罕見的乳酸中毒好發於腎衰竭、缺氧、顯影劑檢查前後,故施打含碘顯影劑前須暫停。長期使用可致B12吸收下降。記憶對比:磺醯尿素類才會低血糖與增重。可連結AMPK、乳酸中毒風險族群與磺醯尿素類副作用比較複習。",[25,28,30,32],{"term":26,"count":27},"雙胍類metformin",1,{"term":29,"count":27},"腸胃道副作用",{"term":31,"count":27},"乳酸中毒",{"term":33,"count":27},"體重中性",[35,39,44,48,53,59],{"webId":36,"stem":37,"number":38,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-109-2-basic-medicine-052","下列何種抗癌藥物，對細胞周期具有專一性作用？",52,{"webId":40,"stem":41,"number":42,"year":43,"session":27},"nurse-110-1-basic-medicine-068","下列何者目前沒有疫苗可以預防？",68,110,{"webId":45,"stem":46,"number":11,"year":47,"session":27},"nurse-111-1-basic-medicine-002","低血鈣主要會刺激那一個內分泌腺體的激素分泌，以增加血鈣濃度？",111,{"webId":49,"stem":50,"number":51,"year":52,"session":11},"nurse-112-2-basic-medicine-020","腸泌素對胰島素的分泌屬於下列何種調控機制？",20,112,{"webId":54,"stem":55,"number":56,"year":57,"session":58},"nurse-113-3-basic-medicine-024","下列何者不是慢性酗酒的常見後遺症？",24,113,3,{"webId":60,"stem":61,"number":62,"year":63,"session":27},"nurse-115-1-basic-medicine-018","下列那一結構可增加小腸內表面積，提高吸收效率？",18,115,"2026-09-04",1788510715200]