[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":67},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-109-2-basic-medicine-042":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":36,"lastmod":66},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":27},"nurse-109-2-基礎醫學-042","nurse-109-2-basic-medicine-042",109,2,42,"下列有關空氣污染中，懸浮微粒（particulate matter；PM）的敘述，何者錯誤？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"可在煤、油和柴油燃燒的過程中產生","懸浮微粒之顆粒愈大傷害性也愈強","藉由呼吸所吸入的微粒最後可能沉積在肺部或被清除排出","懸浮微粒會刺激發炎反應發生","B",null,[],"本題考點是空氣污染懸浮微粒(particulate matter)的特性,屬「找錯誤」題。依環境衛生學,懸浮微粒的危害性與顆粒大小成反比:顆粒愈小(如PM2.5、PM10)愈能深入呼吸道末端至肺泡甚至進入血流,傷害性愈強;顆粒愈大反而多在上呼吸道被攔截清除,故B「顆粒愈大傷害性也愈強」與事實相反,為正解。A正確:懸浮微粒可在煤、油與柴油等燃燒過程中產生。C正確:吸入的微粒部分沉積於肺部,部分經黏液纖毛清除機制排出。D正確:懸浮微粒可刺激呼吸道與全身的發炎反應,與心肺疾病惡化相關。故唯一敘述錯誤者為顆粒大小與傷害性的關係,選B。","懸浮微粒依空氣動力學直徑分級:PM10(≤10微米,可入下呼吸道)、PM2.5(≤2.5微米,細懸浮微粒,可達肺泡並穿入血循環),粒徑愈小穿透愈深、滯留愈久、危害愈大。健康效應含氣喘與慢性阻塞性肺病惡化、肺癌、心血管事件(心肌梗塞、中風)與早死,機轉涉及氧化壓力與全身性發炎。防護以口罩過濾、減少戶外暴露、空氣品質指標(AQI\u002FPM2.5監測)為主。記憶:「愈細愈毒、愈鑽愈深」,凡稱『顆粒愈大愈毒』皆錯。",[25,28,30,32,34],{"term":26,"count":27},"懸浮微粒",1,{"term":29,"count":27},"PM2.5",{"term":31,"count":27},"顆粒大小與危害",{"term":33,"count":27},"呼吸道沉積",{"term":35,"count":27},"空氣污染發炎反應",[37,41,46,50,55,61],{"webId":38,"stem":39,"number":40,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-109-2-basic-medicine-043","下列那一種細胞不參與過敏性氣喘？",43,{"webId":42,"stem":43,"number":44,"year":45,"session":27},"nurse-110-1-basic-medicine-059","Nitroglycerin（NTG）經由舌下或經皮膚（貼劑）給藥的目的為何？",59,110,{"webId":47,"stem":48,"number":49,"year":45,"session":11},"nurse-110-2-basic-medicine-073","關於土倫法蘭西斯桿菌（Francisella tularensi）的敘述，下列何者正確？",73,{"webId":51,"stem":52,"number":53,"year":54,"session":11},"nurse-112-2-basic-medicine-011","下列何者不是長時間的肌肉活動後，肌纖維中常見的代謝物質？",11,112,{"webId":56,"stem":57,"number":58,"year":59,"session":60},"nurse-113-3-basic-medicine-015","下列有關女性排卵的敘述，何者正確？",15,113,3,{"webId":62,"stem":63,"number":64,"year":65,"session":27},"nurse-115-1-basic-medicine-009","利尿劑主要作用機制為下列何者？",9,115,"2026-09-04",1788510715124]