[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":67},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-109-2-basic-medicine-040":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":36,"lastmod":66},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":11},"nurse-109-2-基礎醫學-040","nurse-109-2-basic-medicine-040",109,2,40,"下列何種變化最可能發生在凋亡（apoptosis）的細胞？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"脂肪變性（fatty change）","褐脂質堆積（lipofuscin deposition）","細胞皺縮（cell shrinkage）","細胞腫脹（cell swelling）","C",null,[],"本題考點是細胞凋亡(apoptosis)的形態學變化。依細胞病理學,凋亡是受基因調控的程序性細胞死亡,形態特徵為細胞皺縮、體積變小、細胞質濃縮、染色質凝集邊集,最終形成凋亡小體被吞噬且不引起發炎,故正解C「細胞皺縮」。D細胞腫脹方向相反,腫脹是壞死(necrosis)因能量衰竭、鈉水內流所致,並伴細胞膜破裂與發炎。A脂肪變性是細胞內脂質異常堆積的可逆性損傷(如脂肪肝),非凋亡特徵。B褐脂質(lipofuscin)堆積是細胞老化或消耗性萎縮的「磨損色素」沉積,亦非凋亡的定義性變化。故凋亡以細胞皺縮為典型,選C。","凋亡vs壞死關鍵對比:凋亡=單細胞、細胞皺縮、染色質凝集、凋亡小體、膜完整、不發炎、需耗能與caspase酶級聯(內在粒線體路徑釋放cytochrome c、外在死亡受體Fas\u002FTNF路徑);壞死=成群細胞、細胞腫脹、膜破裂、內容物外洩引發發炎。凋亡的生理意義含胚胎發育、免疫細胞篩選、清除受損細胞;失調則與腫瘤(凋亡不足)或退化性疾病(凋亡過度)有關。記憶:凋亡「安靜縮小自我了斷」,壞死「腫脹爆裂引發炎」。",[25,27,30,32,34],{"term":26,"count":11},"細胞凋亡",{"term":28,"count":29},"細胞皺縮",1,{"term":31,"count":29},"程序性細胞死亡",{"term":33,"count":29},"壞死細胞腫脹",{"term":35,"count":29},"caspase",[37,41,46,50,55,61],{"webId":38,"stem":39,"number":40,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-109-2-basic-medicine-041","一位58歲的女性出現雷諾氏現象（Raynaud’s phenomenon）及食道運動功能障礙，血清學檢查抗核抗體試驗呈陽性反應，此婦人最有可能罹患下列何種病症？",41,{"webId":42,"stem":43,"number":44,"year":45,"session":29},"nurse-110-1-basic-medicine-057","下列何種安眠藥物被濫用的可能性較低，而未被列為管制藥品？",57,110,{"webId":47,"stem":48,"number":49,"year":45,"session":11},"nurse-110-2-basic-medicine-071","後天性免疫缺乏症候群（acquired immune deficiency syndrome, AIDS）是因為感染人類免疫缺乏病毒（HIV），造成何種細胞減少？",71,{"webId":51,"stem":52,"number":53,"year":54,"session":11},"nurse-112-2-basic-medicine-009","下列何者將消化道吸收之富含養分血液帶入肝臟？",9,112,{"webId":56,"stem":57,"number":58,"year":59,"session":60},"nurse-113-3-basic-medicine-013","食用含有河豚毒素（tetrodotoxin）的生魚片之後出現肌肉麻痺的現象，此現象為何種通道被阻斷所致？",13,113,3,{"webId":62,"stem":63,"number":64,"year":65,"session":29},"nurse-115-1-basic-medicine-007","副甲狀腺素（PTH）作用在腎小管時會產生下列何種反應？",7,115,"2026-09-04",1788510715116]