[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":66},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-109-2-basic-medicine-024":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":36,"lastmod":65},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":27},"nurse-109-2-基礎醫學-024","nurse-109-2-basic-medicine-024",109,2,24,"下列何種類型的病人，會有促腎上腺皮質素（ACTH）大量分泌的情況？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"愛迪生氏症（Addison’s disease）","接受糖皮質固酮（glucocorticoid）治療","原發性腎上腺皮質增生症","血管張力素II（angiotensin II）分泌過多","A",null,[],"本題考點是下視丘-腦垂體-腎上腺軸(HPA軸)的負回饋調控。依內分泌生理,ACTH受血中皮質醇負回饋抑制;愛迪生氏症是原發性腎上腺皮質功能不足,皮質醇分泌低下,負回饋解除,使腦垂體代償性大量分泌ACTH,故正解A。B接受糖皮質固酮治療會提高血中類固醇,強化負回饋,反而抑制ACTH。C原發性腎上腺皮質增生會自主分泌過多皮質醇,負回饋加強使ACTH下降。D血管張力素II調節醛固酮與血壓,並非ACTH的主要調控者。故ACTH升高見於Addison氏症。","HPA軸:下視丘CRH→腦垂體ACTH→腎上腺皮質分泌皮質醇,皮質醇再負回饋抑制上游。ACTH升高且皮質醇低=原發性(Addison,腎上腺本身壞);ACTH與皮質醇皆高=次發性庫欣(垂體腺瘤,Cushing disease)或異位ACTH。Addison因ACTH前驅物POMC也生成黑色素細胞刺激素(MSH),故有皮膚黏膜色素沉著。記憶:「靶腺壞→回饋鬆→上游狂噴」,故Addison的ACTH飆高並見古銅色皮膚。",[25,28,30,32,34],{"term":26,"count":27},"HPA軸負回饋",1,{"term":29,"count":27},"ACTH",{"term":31,"count":27},"愛迪生氏症",{"term":33,"count":27},"皮質醇",{"term":35,"count":27},"腎上腺皮質功能不足",[37,41,46,50,55,60],{"webId":38,"stem":39,"number":40,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-109-2-basic-medicine-025","下列何種激素的作用，最可能抑制個體生長？",25,{"webId":42,"stem":43,"number":44,"year":45,"session":27},"nurse-110-1-basic-medicine-041","下列細胞形態或胞器的改變，何者是屬於細胞可逆性的損傷？",41,110,{"webId":47,"stem":48,"number":49,"year":45,"session":11},"nurse-110-2-basic-medicine-055","非典型抗憂鬱藥物，下列何者可降低菸癮者對尼古丁的渴求？",55,{"webId":51,"stem":52,"number":53,"year":54,"session":27},"nurse-112-1-basic-medicine-043","下列何種疫苗是用活的微生物製備而成？",43,112,{"webId":56,"stem":57,"number":58,"year":59,"session":11},"nurse-113-2-basic-medicine-047","有關恙蟎，下列敘述何者正確？",47,113,{"webId":61,"stem":62,"number":44,"year":63,"session":64},"nurse-114-3-basic-medicine-041","泌尿道細菌感染的病人尿液複檢，卻呈現細菌培養陰性的結果，下列原因何者最為可能？",114,3,"2026-09-04",1788510714944]